Stem Flashcards
- Described as the “central axis”
- Part of the plant that holds up other
structures such as the leaves and flowers.
Stem
A stem is an organ that consists of
- Nodes
- Internodes
- Axillary Bud
- Terminal or Apical Bud
- Lenticels
The points at which leaves are attached
Nodes
The segments between nodes
Internodes
It has the potential to form a lateral shoot, or branch
Auxiliary Bud
It is located near the shoot tip and causes elongation of a young shoot
Terminal / Apical Bud
Functions of the stem
- Support
- Conduction of water, nutrients, and products of photosynthesis
- Storage (water, starch)
A creeping horizontal plant stem or runner that takes root at points along its length to form new plants.
Stolons
Are vertical, underground shoots consisting
mostly of the enlarged bases of leaves that store food
Bulbs
Chemical that Onion releases
syn-Propanethial-S-oxide
Are enlarged ends of rhizomes specialized for storing food
Tubers
A horizontal stem that grows just below the surface or emerges and grows along the
surface.
Rhizomes
A short, enlarged stem growing vertically underground that stores food; found in taro (Colocasia esculenta)
Corms
Enlarged (swollen) fleshy stems in cacti while the spines are modified leaves
Cladophylls
The vascular bundles are scattered throughout the ground tissue, rather than forming a ring
Monocot stem
The vascular tissue consists of vascular bundles arranged in a ring
Gymnosperms and most eudicots
What kind of plant does primary and secondary growth occur simultaneously but in different locations
Woody plants
Primary growth produces what part of the plants body
Primary body
The parts of the root and shoot system are produced by the
Apical meristem
- Responsible for increases in stem/root diameter
- Occurs in stems and roots of woody plant but rarely in leaves
- Produces the secondary plant body
- Consists of the tissues produced by the vascular cambium and cork cambium
Secondary growth
What are the two types of initials that appear as a ring with interspersed regions of dividing cells in the vascular cambium?
Fusiform initials and ray initials
The older layers of secondary xylem, what do you call the part that no longer transport water and minerals, function only as support
Heartwood
The outer layer that still transport materials through the xylem
Sapwood
- Gives rise to the secondary plant body’s protective covering, or periderm
- In roots it is derived initially from pericycle while in stems from the
cortex
Cork cambium (phellogen)
- Consists of the cork cambium plus the layers of cork cells (cork) it produces to the outside and a layer of living secondary tissue to the inside (phelloderm)
Periderm
- Consists of all the tissues external to the vascular cambium, including secondary phloem and periderm
Bark
