Flower Flashcards
1
Q
- Functions primarily for reproduction
- It contains a plant’s reproductive organs
A
Flower
2
Q
Some plants have only male sex organs while others contain only female sex organs. (True or False)
A
True
3
Q
Essential part of a flower can be considered in to two
A
Vegetative and Reproductive
4
Q
Consisting of petals and associated structures in the perianth
A
Vegetative
5
Q
Sexual parts
A
Reproductive
6
Q
It is the outer whorl of sepals. It is typically these are green, but are petal-like in some species
A
Calyx
7
Q
It is the whorl of petals. It is usually thin, soft and colored to attract animals that help the process of pollination
A
Corolla
8
Q
- All of the parts that make up the male part of the flower
- includes the stamens and all of their parts (pollen, filament, anther where pollen is produced)
A
Androecium
9
Q
andros oikia meaning
A
Man’s house
10
Q
It contains the male gametes
A
Pollen
11
Q
- All of the parts that make up the female part of the flower
- Includes the carpel(s) and all of their parts (stigma, style, ovary and ovule)
A
Gynoecium
12
Q
gynaikos oikia meaning
A
woman’s house
13
Q
The male part of the flower
A
Stamen
14
Q
Part of the flower that produces pollen
A
Anther
15
Q
Female part of the flower
A
Pistil
16
Q
Part of the flower that produces egg
A
Ovary
17
Q
Part of the flower that attracts pollinators
A
Petals
18
Q
Part of the flower that encloses and protects the bud
A
Sepal
19
Q
Part of the plant that helps collect the pollen
A
Stigma
20
Q
Part of the plant that holds the anther
A
Filament
21
Q
The tube like part of the flower that connects the stigma and ovary
A
Style
22
Q
Fusion of likes, such as
the fusion of the petals (sympetalous or gamopetalous) or
sepals (synsepalous)
A
Connate
23
Q
Fusion of unlike parts
such as the attachment of the stamens to the petals
(epipetalous)
A
Adnate
24
Q
The enlarged basal portion of the pistil where ovules (eggs) are produced
A
Ovary
25
A cuplike or tubular enlargement of the receptacle of a flower, loosely surrounding the gynoecium or united with it.
Hypanthium
26
The ovary is placed
above the rest of the floral segments; an ovary free
from the hypanthium
Superior or Hypogynous flower
27
All the floral segments surrounding the ovary
Half-inferior or Perigynous flower
28
Ovary placed below the rest of floral segments.
Inferior or Epigynous flower
29
- A cluster of flowers
- Arrangement of the flowers on the flowering axis
Inflorescence
30
The tiny stalk of an individual flower in an inflorescence
Pedicel
31
Has new buds growing at the apex while mature
flowers appear on lower pedicels. Buds open first from the base of the inflorescence.
Indeterminate Inflorescence
31
Has new buds growing at the base while mature
flowers appear on upper pedicels. Buds open first at the top of the inflorescence
Determinate inflorescence
32
A spike with only pistillate or staminate flowers
Catkin
33
A daisy-type (Family
Asteraceae) flower composed of ray flowers around the edge and disc flowers that develop into seed in center of the flat head (sunflower).
Composite or Head (capitulum)
34
Cluster of bracts
Involucre
35
Small, scale-like bracts
Phyllaries
36
An elongate, unbranched, indeterminate inflorescence with sessile (i.e., lacking pedicels or stemlets) flowers
Spike
37
Main stem of the flower
Peduncle
38
- A modification of a spike with flowers attached to the peduncle by stemlets
- An elongate, unbranched, indeterminate inflorescence with flowers on pedicels
Raceme
39
A branching raceme
Panicle
40
- A flattened raceme
- Outer florets have longer pedicals than inner florets giving the display a flat top.
Corymb
41
– Florets with stemlets attached to main stem at one central point, forming a flat or rounded top
- Flowers of equal length arise from a common point. May be determinate or indeterminate.
Umbel
42
- Flat or convex flower in
which the inner floret opening first
- two dichotomous lateral branches and pedicels of equal length
Cyme or dichasium
43
Main inflorescence is an indeterminate raceme; determinate cymes branch from the central raceme
Thyrse
44
Flower containing sepals, petals, stamens, and pistil
Complete Flower
44
Showy part is a bract or spathe, partially
surrounding the male and female flowers inside.
Spadix
45
Flower lacking sepals, petals, stamens, and/or
pistils
Incomplete Flower
46
- Flowers containing male and female parts
- Produces fruit
Perfect flower
47
Flowers that lack either male or female parts,
but not both
Imperfect
48
Plants with separate male flowers and female flowers on the same plant
Monoecious
49
Plants with male flowers and female flowers on separate plants
Dioecious
50
Plants with only female flowers
Gynoecious
51
Plants with only male flowers
Andromonoecious
52
Plants with perfect flowers
Hermaphroditic
53
The transfer of pollen from the male anther to the female stigma
Pollination
54
Flower parts undergo what process to produce haploid products
Meiosis
55
Male gametophyte
Pollen grain
56
Female gaetophyte
Embryo sac
57
- It is important for evolution
- produces variable offspring, creating diversity and variation among populations (shuffling of genes).
Sexual reproduction
58
For pollen sperm to successfully fertilize the
egg, there must be
Pollination
59
What begins when tube begins to grow toward the egg
Fertilization
60
Pollen from the anther is
transferred to the stigma of
the same flower
Self-pollination
61
Self-pollination is not desirable as it
Reduces variation
62
What ways can flowers prevent self-pollination
- having stigma above the stamen
- having stamen and stigma mature at different times
63
Pollen from the anther of one plant is transferred
to the stigma of a different plant
Cross Pollination
64
This is desirable in plants as it promotes
Variation
65
What is the pollination method used by gymnosperms and certain flowering plants such as grasses and trees, characterized by small flowers grouped together, and considered not very efficient, somewhat wasteful, and uses abiotic factors
Wind pollination
66
Animals that are pollinators
Insects – bees, wasps, flies, butterflies, moths
Birds – hummingbirds, honey creepers
Mammals – bats, mice, monkeys
Even some reptiles and amphibians
67
A pollen contains two nuclei, what are those two called
Sperm nucleus and Tube nucleus
68
What characteristic do insect-pollinated species typically exhibit in their pollen grains
Sticky and barbed pollen grains
69
How would you describe the pollen in wind-pollinated species, specifically noting its characteristics as seen in corn pollen?
A lightweight, small,
and smooth (corn pollen)
pollen
70
The process by which two gametes fuse to become a zygote, which develops into a new organism
Fertilization
71
The resultant zygote is called
Diploid
72
Pollen sticks to the stigma and starts growing a _____
Pollen tube
73
What occurs when one sperm nucleus (1n) fertilizes the egg, producing a zygote (2n) which becomes the plant embryo inside the seed
Double Fertilization
74
It is the source of food for the young embryo
Endosperm
75
What forms the seed
Ovule
76
What forms the fruit
Tissues of the ovary
77
Understand the process of double fertilization
