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Botany Midterms > Flower > Flashcards

Flower Flashcards

1
Q
  • Functions primarily for reproduction
  • It contains a plant’s reproductive organs
A

Flower

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2
Q

Some plants have only male sex organs while others contain only female sex organs. (True or False)

A

True

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3
Q

Essential part of a flower can be considered in to two

A

Vegetative and Reproductive

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4
Q

Consisting of petals and associated structures in the perianth

A

Vegetative

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5
Q

Sexual parts

A

Reproductive

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6
Q

It is the outer whorl of sepals. It is typically these are green, but are petal-like in some species

A

Calyx

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7
Q

It is the whorl of petals. It is usually thin, soft and colored to attract animals that help the process of pollination

A

Corolla

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8
Q
  • All of the parts that make up the male part of the flower
  • includes the stamens and all of their parts (pollen, filament, anther where pollen is produced)
A

Androecium

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9
Q

andros oikia meaning

A

Man’s house

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10
Q

It contains the male gametes

A

Pollen

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11
Q
  • All of the parts that make up the female part of the flower
  • Includes the carpel(s) and all of their parts (stigma, style, ovary and ovule)
A

Gynoecium

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12
Q

gynaikos oikia meaning

A

woman’s house

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13
Q

The male part of the flower

A

Stamen

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14
Q

Part of the flower that produces pollen

A

Anther

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15
Q

Female part of the flower

A

Pistil

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16
Q

Part of the flower that produces egg

A

Ovary

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17
Q

Part of the flower that attracts pollinators

A

Petals

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18
Q

Part of the flower that encloses and protects the bud

A

Sepal

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19
Q

Part of the plant that helps collect the pollen

A

Stigma

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20
Q

Part of the plant that holds the anther

A

Filament

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21
Q

The tube like part of the flower that connects the stigma and ovary

A

Style

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22
Q

Fusion of likes, such as
the fusion of the petals (sympetalous or gamopetalous) or
sepals (synsepalous)

A

Connate

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23
Q

Fusion of unlike parts
such as the attachment of the stamens to the petals
(epipetalous)

A

Adnate

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24
Q

The enlarged basal portion of the pistil where ovules (eggs) are produced

A

Ovary

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25
Q

A cuplike or tubular enlargement of the receptacle of a flower, loosely surrounding the gynoecium or united with it.

A

Hypanthium

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26
Q

The ovary is placed
above the rest of the floral segments; an ovary free
from the hypanthium

A

Superior or Hypogynous flower

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27
Q

All the floral segments surrounding the ovary

A

Half-inferior or Perigynous flower

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28
Q

Ovary placed below the rest of floral segments.

A

Inferior or Epigynous flower

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29
Q
  • A cluster of flowers
  • Arrangement of the flowers on the flowering axis
A

Inflorescence

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30
Q

The tiny stalk of an individual flower in an inflorescence

A

Pedicel

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31
Q

Has new buds growing at the apex while mature
flowers appear on lower pedicels. Buds open first from the base of the inflorescence.

A

Indeterminate Inflorescence

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31
Q

Has new buds growing at the base while mature
flowers appear on upper pedicels. Buds open first at the top of the inflorescence

A

Determinate inflorescence

32
Q

A spike with only pistillate or staminate flowers

33
Q

A daisy-type (Family
Asteraceae) flower composed of ray flowers around the edge and disc flowers that develop into seed in center of the flat head (sunflower).

A

Composite or Head (capitulum)

34
Q

Cluster of bracts

35
Q

Small, scale-like bracts

A

Phyllaries

36
Q

An elongate, unbranched, indeterminate inflorescence with sessile (i.e., lacking pedicels or stemlets) flowers

37
Q

Main stem of the flower

38
Q
  • A modification of a spike with flowers attached to the peduncle by stemlets
  • An elongate, unbranched, indeterminate inflorescence with flowers on pedicels
39
Q

A branching raceme

40
Q
  • A flattened raceme
  • Outer florets have longer pedicals than inner florets giving the display a flat top.
41
Q

– Florets with stemlets attached to main stem at one central point, forming a flat or rounded top
- Flowers of equal length arise from a common point. May be determinate or indeterminate.

42
Q
  • Flat or convex flower in
    which the inner floret opening first
  • two dichotomous lateral branches and pedicels of equal length
A

Cyme or dichasium

43
Q

Main inflorescence is an indeterminate raceme; determinate cymes branch from the central raceme

44
Q

Flower containing sepals, petals, stamens, and pistil

A

Complete Flower

44
Q

Showy part is a bract or spathe, partially
surrounding the male and female flowers inside.

45
Q

Flower lacking sepals, petals, stamens, and/or
pistils

A

Incomplete Flower

46
Q
  • Flowers containing male and female parts
  • Produces fruit
A

Perfect flower

47
Q

Flowers that lack either male or female parts,
but not both

48
Q

Plants with separate male flowers and female flowers on the same plant

A

Monoecious

49
Q

Plants with male flowers and female flowers on separate plants

50
Q

Plants with only female flowers

A

Gynoecious

51
Q

Plants with only male flowers

A

Andromonoecious

52
Q

Plants with perfect flowers

A

Hermaphroditic

53
Q

The transfer of pollen from the male anther to the female stigma

A

Pollination

54
Q

Flower parts undergo what process to produce haploid products

55
Q

Male gametophyte

A

Pollen grain

56
Q

Female gaetophyte

A

Embryo sac

57
Q
  • It is important for evolution
  • produces variable offspring, creating diversity and variation among populations (shuffling of genes).
A

Sexual reproduction

58
Q

For pollen sperm to successfully fertilize the
egg, there must be

A

Pollination

59
Q

What begins when tube begins to grow toward the egg

A

Fertilization

60
Q

Pollen from the anther is
transferred to the stigma of
the same flower

A

Self-pollination

61
Q

Self-pollination is not desirable as it

A

Reduces variation

62
Q

What ways can flowers prevent self-pollination

A
  • having stigma above the stamen
  • having stamen and stigma mature at different times
63
Q

Pollen from the anther of one plant is transferred
to the stigma of a different plant

A

Cross Pollination

64
Q

This is desirable in plants as it promotes

65
Q

What is the pollination method used by gymnosperms and certain flowering plants such as grasses and trees, characterized by small flowers grouped together, and considered not very efficient, somewhat wasteful, and uses abiotic factors

A

Wind pollination

66
Q

Animals that are pollinators

A

Insects – bees, wasps, flies, butterflies, moths
Birds – hummingbirds, honey creepers
Mammals – bats, mice, monkeys
Even some reptiles and amphibians

67
Q

A pollen contains two nuclei, what are those two called

A

Sperm nucleus and Tube nucleus

68
Q

What characteristic do insect-pollinated species typically exhibit in their pollen grains

A

Sticky and barbed pollen grains

69
Q

How would you describe the pollen in wind-pollinated species, specifically noting its characteristics as seen in corn pollen?

A

A lightweight, small,
and smooth (corn pollen)
pollen

70
Q

The process by which two gametes fuse to become a zygote, which develops into a new organism

A

Fertilization

71
Q

The resultant zygote is called

72
Q

Pollen sticks to the stigma and starts growing a _____

A

Pollen tube

73
Q

What occurs when one sperm nucleus (1n) fertilizes the egg, producing a zygote (2n)  which becomes the plant embryo inside the seed

A

Double Fertilization

74
Q

It is the source of food for the young embryo

75
Q

What forms the seed

76
Q

What forms the fruit

A

Tissues of the ovary

77
Q

Understand the process of double fertilization

Botany Midterms (6 decks)

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