Fruit Flashcards
It is a ripened ovary, enclosing the seeds
(mature ovules)
Fruit
The ovary becomes a _____ while the ovules develop into _____
Fruit, seeds
What plant hormone is responsible for regulating various aspects of fruit development, including growth, setting, ripening, abscission, and tropic responses?
Auxin
Fruits can only be found in
Angiosperms
Function of the fruit
It protects the developing seeds and plays an important role in seed dispersal
Three layers of the Pericarp
- Exocarp
- Mesocarp
- Endocarp
Outermost layer of the pericarp
Exocarp
Middle layer of the pericarp
Mesocarp
Inner layer of the pericarp
Endocarp
It is derived from a single ovary of one flower
Simple fruits
How would you characterize a fruit that becomes dry at maturity, specifically when the pericarp is dry
Dry
How would you describe the texture of a fruit that is soft and juicy throughout
Fleshy
Enumerate the different types of fleshy fruits
- Berry or baccate fruit
- Drupe
- Pepo
- Hesperidium
- Pome
the whole pericarp is fleshy; the seeds usually embedded in the pulp
Berry or baccate fruit
It has a hard and stony endocarp and more or less soft exocarp and mesocarp
Drupe
It has a hard exocarp and soft mesocarp and endocarp
Pepo
A type of berry with a thick leathery rind (the exocarp and mesocarp) supplied with oil glands and with the endocarp possessing vesicular juice-filled outgrowths known as pulp
sacs filling up the wedge-shaped locules
Hesperidium
The fleshy portion is made up of either the much thickened calyx or the hypanthium
Pome
It splits at maturity
Dehiscent
Enumerate dehiscent dry fruits
- Follicle
- Legume
- Silique
- Capsule
- Schizocarp
It is when the pericarp does not split at maturity
Indehiscent
Enumerate indehiscent dry fruits
- Achene
- Utricle
- Grain or Caryopsis
- Samara
- Nut
It splits along one (ventral) suture
Follicle
It splits along two (the dorsal and ventral) sutures
Legume
It splits along two or more sutures in a variety of ways
Capsule
It is from an ovary of two carpels which at maturity splits into three portions with the central persistent portion containing the seeds attached to it as in the mustard family
Silique
It is derived from two carpels that split at maturity along the midline into two one-seeded indehiscent halves
Schizocarp
A one-seeded fruit with the pericarp closely appressed with the seed coat
Achene
Similar to an achene but with a loose, bladderlike pericarp
Utricle
The pericarp is fused with the seed coat of the single seed
Grain or caryopsis
With wing-like outgrowths of the pericarp
Samara
A one-seeded fruit with a hard or stony pericarp,
sometimes, with the envolucral cup, as in acorns,
enclosing the stony pericarp
Nut
Are formed from the ovaries of many pistils of one flower
Aggregate fruits
Are formed from several ovaries of several flowers more or less grown together into a single mass
Multiple Fruits
