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Botany Lec Midterms > Stem > Flashcards

Stem Flashcards

1
Q

closer to the center of stem or root of secondary xylem

A

heartwood

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2
Q

herbaceous plant studied that undergo secondary growth.

A

Arabidopsis thaliana

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3
Q

radial files mostly composed of parenchyma cells and connect the secondary xylem and phloem.

A

vascular rays

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4
Q

provides primary growth (growth in length)

A

Apical meristem

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5
Q

what is the difference of corm and rhizome

A

corm grows vertically while rhizome grows horizontally

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6
Q

Where does thorns grow

A

grows in axil, lateral stem

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7
Q

three layers of periderm

A

phellem, phellogen, and phelloderm

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8
Q

two functions of stem

A

support aerial parts and transport water and solutes from roots to leaves.

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9
Q

doe roses have thorns? what does it have

A

no, prickles

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10
Q

found in the nodes for regeneration

A

intercalary meristem

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11
Q

spaces between nodes

A

internodes

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12
Q

where leaves are attached

A

nodes

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13
Q

this connects the leaf to the stem

A

petiole

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14
Q

short internodes usually packed leaves

A

rosette

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15
Q

most common phyllotaxy

A

spiral

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16
Q

a phyllotaxy where leaves are 180 degrees away from each other

A

distichous

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17
Q

It is the dead part of the periderm

A

phellem

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18
Q

a phyllotaxy where leaves does not reach 180 degrees away from each other

A

spiral

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19
Q

a phyllotaxy where there are two leaves per row

A

opposite

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20
Q

A layer of the periderm that produce the phellem and phelloderm

A

phellogen/cork cambium

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21
Q

a phyllotaxy where there are many leaves per row

A

whorled

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22
Q

modified stem of cactus and potato

A

storage stem

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23
Q

what does potato stores?

A

starch

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23
Q

what does cactus stores?

A

water

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24
Q

What common plant has hardwood?

A

angiosperm

25
Q

this helps in identification of species

A

bark types

25
Q

dominating growth of the plant by hindering the growth of branches

A

apical dominance

25
Q

what type of modified stem is a banana plant

A

corm

26
Q

what are the two types of cell the vascular cambium is composed of?

A

fusiform initial cells and radial initial cells.

27
Q

indicator of the years of tree

A

growth ring

27
Q

science in analyzing tree growth ring patterns. Uses the patter to study climate change.

A

dendrochronology

28
Q

indicates warm year

A

thick ring

29
Q

indicates cold or dry year

A

thin ring

29
Q

protects the stem from water loss and invasion of insects, bacteria, and fungi.

A

cork cambium

29
Q

is a plant organ bearing leaves and buds. Its chief
function is to elongate and orient the shoot in a way that
maximizes photosynthesis by the leaves.

A

stem

30
Q

above ground modified stem (4)

A

runners/ stolon, cladodes, succulent stems, thorns

31
Q

Underground modified stem (4)

A

bulb, rhizome, corn, tuber

32
Q

found in the nodes for regeneration

A

intercalary meristem

33
Q

modified stem function for photosynthesis

A

cladodes

34
Q

modified stem for conservation of water

A

succulent stem

35
Q

are short shoots that have thick, fleshy leaves

A

bulb

36
Q

fleshy horizontal stems that allow a plant to spread underground

A

rhizome

37
Q

are vertical, thick stems that have thin, papery leaves

A

corm

38
Q

are horizontal like rhizomes, but they grow for only a short period and are mainly a means of
storing nutrients

A

tubers

39
Q

examples of rosette

A

lettuce, brussel sprouts, cabbage

39
Q

angle between the stem and node

A

leaf axil

40
Q

the precursor of a branch or lateral shoot

A

axillary bud

41
Q

What hormone is responsible for the shrubs and bushes

A

Auxin

41
Q

dominating the growth of the plant by hindering the growth of branches.

A

apical dominance

42
Q

is the mark left by a leaf after it falls off the twig.

A

leaf scar

43
Q

one of many raised pores in the stem of a woody plant that allows gas exchange between the atmosphere and the internal tissues.

A

lenticel

44
Q

late wood and smaller

A

summer wood

45
Q

early wood and larger

A

spring wood

45
Q

has cutin waxes that is impermeable to water loss

A

cuticle

46
Q

what part pf interfascicular cambium Differentiate from

A

cortical cell A

46
Q

Increases the vascular flow and supports the shoot.
A cylinder of meristematic cells, it adds secondary xylem to the inside and secondary phloem to the outside.

A

Vascular cambium

47
Q

inside the vascular bundles, from the procambium

A

fascicular cambium

48
Q

3 primary meristem

A

protoderm, ground meristem, procambium

49
Q

When viewing a trees it is broken to scales and peels horizontally

A

lenticels.

50
Q

I

A

K

Botany Lec Midterms (3 decks)

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