Stem Flashcards
closer to the center of stem or root of secondary xylem
heartwood
herbaceous plant studied that undergo secondary growth.
Arabidopsis thaliana
radial files mostly composed of parenchyma cells and connect the secondary xylem and phloem.
vascular rays
provides primary growth (growth in length)
Apical meristem
what is the difference of corm and rhizome
corm grows vertically while rhizome grows horizontally
Where does thorns grow
grows in axil, lateral stem
three layers of periderm
phellem, phellogen, and phelloderm
two functions of stem
support aerial parts and transport water and solutes from roots to leaves.
doe roses have thorns? what does it have
no, prickles
found in the nodes for regeneration
intercalary meristem
spaces between nodes
internodes
where leaves are attached
nodes
this connects the leaf to the stem
petiole
short internodes usually packed leaves
rosette
most common phyllotaxy
spiral
a phyllotaxy where leaves are 180 degrees away from each other
distichous
It is the dead part of the periderm
phellem
a phyllotaxy where leaves does not reach 180 degrees away from each other
spiral
a phyllotaxy where there are two leaves per row
opposite
A layer of the periderm that produce the phellem and phelloderm
phellogen/cork cambium
a phyllotaxy where there are many leaves per row
whorled
modified stem of cactus and potato
storage stem
what does potato stores?
starch
what does cactus stores?
water
What common plant has hardwood?
angiosperm
this helps in identification of species
bark types
dominating growth of the plant by hindering the growth of branches
apical dominance
what type of modified stem is a banana plant
corm
what are the two types of cell the vascular cambium is composed of?
fusiform initial cells and radial initial cells.
indicator of the years of tree
growth ring
science in analyzing tree growth ring patterns. Uses the patter to study climate change.
dendrochronology
indicates warm year
thick ring
indicates cold or dry year
thin ring
protects the stem from water loss and invasion of insects, bacteria, and fungi.
cork cambium
is a plant organ bearing leaves and buds. Its chief
function is to elongate and orient the shoot in a way that
maximizes photosynthesis by the leaves.
stem
above ground modified stem (4)
runners/ stolon, cladodes, succulent stems, thorns
Underground modified stem (4)
bulb, rhizome, corn, tuber
found in the nodes for regeneration
intercalary meristem
modified stem function for photosynthesis
cladodes
modified stem for conservation of water
succulent stem
are short shoots that have thick, fleshy leaves
bulb
fleshy horizontal stems that allow a plant to spread underground
rhizome
are vertical, thick stems that have thin, papery leaves
corm
are horizontal like rhizomes, but they grow for only a short period and are mainly a means of
storing nutrients
tubers
examples of rosette
lettuce, brussel sprouts, cabbage
angle between the stem and node
leaf axil
the precursor of a branch or lateral shoot
axillary bud
What hormone is responsible for the shrubs and bushes
Auxin
dominating the growth of the plant by hindering the growth of branches.
apical dominance
is the mark left by a leaf after it falls off the twig.
leaf scar
one of many raised pores in the stem of a woody plant that allows gas exchange between the atmosphere and the internal tissues.
lenticel
late wood and smaller
summer wood
early wood and larger
spring wood
has cutin waxes that is impermeable to water loss
cuticle
what part pf interfascicular cambium Differentiate from
cortical cell A
Increases the vascular flow and supports the shoot.
A cylinder of meristematic cells, it adds secondary xylem to the inside and secondary phloem to the outside.
Vascular cambium
inside the vascular bundles, from the procambium
fascicular cambium
3 primary meristem
protoderm, ground meristem, procambium
When viewing a trees it is broken to scales and peels horizontally
lenticels.
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