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Botany Lec Midterms > Roots > Flashcards

Roots Flashcards

(97 cards)

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1
Q

main root that develops from the radicle

A

Taproot system

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2
Q

Type of root system that is for storage, reaching for water underground

A

Taproot system

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3
Q

Short lived radicle and is replaced by
adventitious roots

A

Fibrous root system

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4
Q

What are the size of roots in taproot system?

A

Different sizes

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5
Q

Sizes of roots in fibrous root system

A

Similar

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6
Q

Root system that prevent erosion

A

Fibrous root system

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7
Q

commonly what type of plants have taproot system?

A

dicot and gymnosperm

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8
Q

commonly what type of plants have fibrous root system?

A

monocot

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9
Q

Three main function of roots?

A

Anchorage, absorption, and conduction

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10
Q

Modified root that plant reserves for carbohydrates, starch, nutrients, etc.

A

Storage Root

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11
Q

Modified root for water retention, photosynthesis, and support

A

Aerial Root

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12
Q

Plants that get nutrients and water from air and it is attached to another plant

A

Epiphytic

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13
Q

Are epiphytic plants get nutrients to the host they attach to? (yes or no)

A

No

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14
Q

The root epidermis composed of several layers of dead cells and it acts as a waterproof barrier

A

Velamen

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15
Q

Why does the velamen not permit water to leave the sides of the roots?

A

to prevent transpiration due to the environment

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16
Q

Vanilla planifolia is what type of modified root

A

Aerial root for photosynthesis

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17
Q

A modified root in which there is a host that is invaded by the germinating seed due to seed dispersal

A

Strangler fig

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18
Q

Does lenticels regulate gas exchange? (yes or no)

A

No

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19
Q

What is the function of lenticels?

A

to assist gas exchange

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20
Q

Modified root that give architectural support to the trunks of tall trees

A

buttress roots

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21
Q

Modified root that is produced by
trees such as mangroves that inhabit tidal swamps.

A

Pneumatophores

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22
Q

A term describing a plant organ that grows in an unusual location, such as roots arising from stems or leaves.

A

Adventitious

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23
Q

This modified root functions to keep the plant upright and provide a surface for nutrient and water uptake and gas exchange.

A

Brace root

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24
Q

Other term for brace root

A

stilt roots

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25
Where does the brace roots come from in sugar cane and pandan?
nodes
26
Roots that function for support and transpiration, especially in mangroves
Prop roots
27
Cells that form spongy tissues for gas exchange.
Aerenchyma cells
28
How many percent of parenchyma cells in pneumatophores
80% parenchyma
29
It keeps the at proper depth
Contractile roots
30
It is a specialized root that adheres to the host by secreting adhesive or grows around branch/root
Hausteria
31
Why does the hausteria attack the xylem and not the phloem?
because it can make its own food
32
What can a parasitic plant get from a xylem
water and nutrients
33
It is a relationship where there is a mutualism between fungus/fungi and the plant
symbiotic relationship
34
these are fungi that has a symbiotic relationship with the plants.
Mycorrhizae
35
What does host provide to fungi?
Organic substance
36
What does fungi provide to host?
absorb nutrients from the soil
37
This relationship helps plants able to tolerate stress better
Mycorrhizae
38
fungal hyphae invades root and forms extensive netlike structure BETWEEN cortical cells
Ectomycorrhizal roots
39
mycorrhizae relationship common in Herbaceous plants
Endomycorrhizal roots
40
A mycorrhizae relationship common in all woody forest plants
Ectomycorrhizal relationship
41
branches formed by the fungi
arbuscules
42
This is given by the plants cells to the fungi since it cannot live without it
sugar
43
This is received by the plant cells through the help of fungi
phosphorous
44
What lines the casparian strip?
Suberin
45
Unobtrusive filaments on root surface and INVADES cortical cells
Endomychorrizal roots
46
This prevents exits of water backflow
casparian strip
47
Mutualism between plants and nitrogen-fixing soil rhizobia
Root nodules
48
What does a bacteria take and give to the plant
sugar, nitrogen
49
Special environment of root nodules
anaerobic
50
The common type of plant that are parasitic to a plant because their substrate is the body of another plant
angiosperm
51
Protects growing root tip and plays a vital role in gravity perception
Root cap
52
This cell acts as statocytes in gravity perception
columella cells
53
this is dense to sink where they perceive gravity
statoliths
53
plastids that store starch
amyloplasts
53
What cells are created when meristematic cells push cells forward into the cap?
columella cells
54
What cell secretes mucigel?
peripheral cells
54
Cells that results from the push of columella cells to the periphery of the root cap
peripheral cells
54
Its function are the following: protection from desiccation and growth of other roots, lubrication and water and nutrient absorption
mucigel
55
What are the feature of the cells in the zone of cell division
the cells are small and their nucleus is clearly visible at the center.
55
This includes apical meristem and immediate products
zone of cell division
55
What are the feature of the cells in the zone of elongation?
cells enlarge due to the vacuole's absorption of water
55
What are the feature of the cells in the zone of maturation/differentiation?
cells are differentiated.
56
This part is mitotically inactive and reservoir to replace damaged cells of meristem
quiescent center
56
What zone of the root has root hairs?
zone of maturation
57
complete the following protoderm -- ground meristem -- procambium --
epidermis cortex everything inside the vascular cylinder
58
usually one cell thick and differentiated from protoderm
epidermis
59
What does the epidermis covers?
all root except the root cap
60
Interior to epidermis, originated from ground meristem and it is usually largest in cross-section
cortex
61
three layers of cortex
hypodermis, storage parenchyma cells, endodermis
62
innermost layer of cortex and lacks intercellular spaces
endodermis
63
What is casparian strip composed of?
lignin and suberin
64
thin-walled often contain starch large intercellular spaces
Storage parenchyma cells
65
prominent in roots growing in arid soil and near soil surface and it is lined with suberin
epidermis
66
What is the vascular bundles composed of?
xylem and phloem
67
Do all plants have root caps?
No
68
What plants does not have root cap?
aquatic plants
69
gives rise to lateral roots
pericycle
70
where does the pith of monocots arise?
procambium
70
this is composed of secondary xylem and secondary phloem
vascular cambium
71
where does periderm arises?
pericycle
72
function in anchorage rather than water absorption
lateral roots
73
this replaces the epidermis allowing gas exchange between roots and soil atmosphere
periderm
74
is a lateral meristem and is responsible for secondary growth that replaces the epidermis
cork cambium
75
Its formation lead to lets to the separation between the primary phloem and the vascular cambium.
secondary phloem
76
It is produced by the vascular cambium. It forms the wood of the root, and it is dead tissue in the thicker roots .
Secondary xylem
76
links the fascicular cambium and differentiates from pericycle
Interfascicular cambium
77
Differentiates from procambial cells between xylem and phloem
Fascicular cambium
78
forms vascular rays and commonly short cells
Ray Initials
78
What plants lack secondary growth
Monocot and herbaceous
79
produce secondary xylem/phloem and its cells are elongated
Fusiform Initials
80
What cells composes ray initials for storage
parenchyma
81
what is the precursor of pericycle
procambium
82
is sunflower a monocot or dicot?
dicot
83
what do you call the stele with pith
siphonostele
83
what do you call the stele with no pith
protostele
84
what plan is siphonostele common? what plan is protostele common?
siphonostele - monocot protostele - dicot
85
stele of Ranunculus sp.
actinostele

Botany Lec Midterms (3 decks)

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