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Botany Lec Midterms > Leaves > Flashcards

Leaves Flashcards

1
Q

The main photosynthetic organ.

A

leaves

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2
Q

has vascular tissue bundles that arise from the midrib

A

veins

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2
Q

part of the leaf that is flat and the light-harvesting portion

A

leaf blade /lamina

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2
Q

Upper leaf zone; VENTRAL; smooth

A

adaxial surface

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2
Q

Lower leaf zone; DORSAL with large veins portrude

A

abaxial surface

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2
Q

part of the leaf that that holds the blade out into the light

A

petiole

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2
Q

Most of this type of plant have parallel major veins of equal diameter that run the length of the blade.

A

monocot

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2
Q

What is the center main vein of a leaf

A

midrib

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2
Q

it is the outline of the leaf.

A

margin

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2
Q

this helps in identification of a species

A

leaf shape

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2
Q

opposite of the apex and tip of the leaf blade.

A

base

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2
Q

where does leaves develop?

A

leaf primordia

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2
Q

function in protecting the bud and photosynthesis

A

stipule

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2
Q

monocot lack petiole, instead what do they have?

A

leaf sheath that envelopes the stem

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2
Q

In basal angiosperms and
eudicots what is their venation

A

netted pattern - reticulate venation

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2
Q

what do you call the venation of monocots with long, strap shaped leaves, the larger veins run side by side with few obvious interconnections

A

parallel venation

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2
Q

what type of plant where leaf primordia encircle shoot apical meristem.

A

monocot

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3
Q

Most of these types of plant generally have a branched network of veins arising from the midrib that runs down the center of the blade

A

dicot

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3
Q

what determines the phyllotaxy?

A

shoot apical meristem

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3
Q

classifications of leaf margin

A

entire, toothed, lobed, parted

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4
Q

architectural feature important to light capture.

A

Phyllotaxy

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5
Q

produced in roots and leaves in response to water deficiency.

A

Abscisic acid

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5
Q

one main midrib

A

unicostate

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6
Q

what type of plant where shoot apical meristem produce leaf primordia

A

dicot

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6
Q

more than one major vein

A

multicostate

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7
Q

without ligule what is the leaf angle?

A

smaller leaf angle

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8
Q

the blades are not divided into distinct parts, although they may be deeply lobed

A

simple leaves

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9
Q

leaves lack petioles since attached directly by its base without a stalk

A

sessile

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10
Q

are divided into leaflets, each usually with its own small petiole

A

compound leaves

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11
Q

is an extension of the petiole

A

rachis

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11
Q

plants that require
an environment that is neither too wet nor too dry

A

mesophytes

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12
Q

modified branches that arise in the axils of leaves

A

thorns

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13
Q

neither a stem nor a leaf but a small, more or less slender, sharp outgrowth from the cortex and epidermis

A

prickle

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13
Q

membranous outgrowth at base of blade of most grasses

A

ligule

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14
Q

hinge for blade to project at an angle from the stem

A

auricle

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14
Q

helps in positioning the leaf

A

auricle and appendages.

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15
Q

controls the opening and closing of leaflets

A

pulvini

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15
Q

leaf sheath and laminar joint is =

A

collar

16
Q

types of simple leaf

A

obtuse, palmate, cordate, round, reniform

16
Q

what is the stimuli of makahiya plant?

A

touch

17
Q

do compound leaf has node and internode?

A

none

18
Q

petioles attached to middle of blade

A

peltate

19
Q

swollen area at leaf base and allows movement as response to stimuli

A

Pulvinus

19
Q

leaflets attach at same point

A

palmately compound

19
Q

leaflets form in pairs along central stalk (rachis)

A

pinnately compound

20
Q

sessile leaves surround and are pierced by stem

A

perfoliate

21
Q

first leaves to form on axillary buds; protect axillary buds

A

prophyll

22
Q

base of petiole and cells release enzyme; breaks cell walls causing leaf to easily drop

A

abscission zone

22
Q

morphologically different leaves on same plant

A

leaf dimorphism

23
Q

leaf blade of fern

A

frond

24
Q

movement independent of stimuli

A

nastic movement

25
Q

directional movement to/from stimuli

A

tropism movement

26
Q

what type of movement do venus flytrap follow?

A

nastic movement

27
Q

what type of movement do prayer plant follow?

A

tropism movement

28
Q

thigmonasty vs thigmotropism

A

thigmonasty - does not involve direction, thigmotropism involves direction.

29
Q

is pulvinuse nastic or tropism?

A

nastic

29
Q

leaves for photosynthesis

A

foliage leaves

30
Q

outer covering, arised from protoderm

A

epidermis

30
Q

embryonic leaf for storage

A

cotyledon

31
Q

openings in the epidermis that regulates gas exchange

A

stomata

31
Q

outermost waxy layer and protects against drought

A

cuticle

32
Q

plants that require a large supply of water or grow wholly or partly submerged in water

A

hydrophytes

32
Q

plants that are adapted to arid habitats

A

xerophytes

33
Q

dominant transpiration that accounts for water loss in plants through escape of water vapor through
stomata

A

Stomatal transpiration

33
Q

water vapor directly diffuses through cuticle
and out to atmosphere

A

Cuticular Transpiration

34
Q

The ground tissue of the leaf, with its large
volume of intercellular spaces and numerous chloroplasts, that is particularly specialized for photosynthesis

A

mesophyll

35
Q

2 differentiation of mesophyll cells

A

palisade and spongy

36
Q

between palisade and spongy mesophyll which has more chlorophyll

A

palisade parenchyma

37
Q

stomatal distribution of dicot

A

scattered (kidney shaped)

37
Q

stomatal distribution of monocot

A

rows (dumbbell shaped)

38
Q

both sides have stomata

A

amphistomatic

39
Q

stomata is only found on the abaxial side

A

hypostimatic

40
Q

stomata is only found on the adaxial side

A

epistomatic

40
Q

specialized parenchyma cells for photosynthesis

A

chlorenchyma

41
Q

mesophyll region in monocot

A

no differentiation

42
Q

mesophyll region in dicot

A

differentiated into two (palisade and spongy)

43
Q

concentric arrangement of the mesophyll and
bundle-sheath layers in C4 plants

A

Kranz Anatomy

43
Q

function of palisade mesophyll

A

absorbing light

44
Q

function of spongy mesophyll

A

for gas exchange

44
Q

What is the size and thickness of sun leaves and shade leaves?

A

sun leaves - smaller and thicker
shade leaves - larger and thinner

44
Q

where is the location of sun leaves and shade leaves?

A

sun leaves at top
shade leaves at bottom

45
Q

which has more chlorophyll sun leaves or shade leaves?

A

shade leaves have more chlorophyll

46
Q

which has more rubisco, sun leaves or shade leaves?

A

sun leaves have more rubisco (faster carbon fixation)

47
Q

what is the environment of venus fly traps

A

nutrient deficient

48
Q

economic importance of leaves

A

source of nutrition, flavor, medicine and well-being, fiber, recreation.

49
Q

Two small bulges in leaf development

A

leaf buttress

50
Q

hormone responsible for leaf initiation

A

auxin

51
Q

stimulate form of the bulge form (leaf buttress)

A

cytokinin

52
Q

what does leaf buttress develops into?

A

leaf primordium

53
Q

stage of leaf development primordial leaf axis is developed to petiole, midrib or rachis

A

primary morphogenesis

54
Q

stage of leaf development where the final form and size is achieved

A

secondary morphogenesis

55
Q

stage of leaf development where marginal meristem develop into lamina

A

primary morphogenesis

56
Q

Expansion and elongation of the leaf occur largely by

A

intercalary growth

Botany Lec Midterms (3 decks)

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