STEEL

Question 1

Metal

Answer 1

A category of materials with properties like conductivity-strength-and ductility.

Question 2

Steel

Answer 2

An alloy made primarily of iron and carbon-with small amounts of other elements.

Question 3

Carbon content in steel

Answer 3

Varies between 0.05% and 1.5%-affecting hardness-strength-and flexibility.

Question 4

Effect of carbon in steel

Answer 4

Higher carbon content makes steel harder and stronger-but reduces ductility and weldability.

Question 5

Ferrous metals

Answer 5

Metals that contain iron-such as cast iron and steel.

Question 6

Non-ferrous metals

Answer 6

Metals that do not contain iron-such as copper-aluminum-tin-and zinc.

Question 7

Definition of cast iron

Answer 7

A ferrous alloy with 2-4% carbon-known for being hard-brittle-and corrosion-resistant.

Question 8

Composition of cast iron

Answer 8

Iron (92-95%)-Carbon (2-2.5%)-Silicon (1-3%).

Question 9

Properties of cast iron

Answer 9

Brittle-strong in compression-low tensile strength-and cannot be welded easily.

Question 10

Advantages of cast iron

Answer 10

Resists rust-withstands high temperatures-and is excellent in compression.

Question 11

Disadvantages of cast iron

Answer 11

Brittle-cannot absorb sudden shocks-and has poor tensile strength.

Question 12

Uses of cast iron

Answer 12

Pipes-engine blocks-cookware-machinery-ship anchors-and structural supports.

Question 13

Melting point of cast iron

Answer 13

About 1200°C-lower than steel.

Question 14

Steel composition

Answer 14

Iron (Fe) and Carbon (C)-with elements like manganese-silicon-phosphorus-and sulfur.

Question 15

Effect of manganese in steel

Answer 15

Improves hardness-wear resistance-and impact strength.

Question 16

Effect of chromium in steel

Answer 16

Enhances corrosion and oxidation resistance-(used in stainless steel).

Question 17

Effect of nickel in steel

Answer 17

Increases tensile strength and toughness.

Question 18

Effect of molybdenum in steel

Answer 18

Improves hardenability and high-temperature strength.

Question 19

Effect of titanium and aluminum in steel

Answer 19

Act as deoxidizers-preventing impurities.

Question 20

Very low carbon steel

Answer 20

Contains less than 0.15% carbon-making it soft-ductile-and easy to weld.

Question 21

Low carbon steel

Answer 21

Carbon content between 0.15-0.3%-used for structural applications-pipelines-and vehicle frames.

Question 22

Medium carbon steel

Answer 22

Carbon content between 0.3-0.6%-used in gears-railway tracks-and machinery parts.

Question 23

High carbon steel

Answer 23

Carbon content between 0.6-1.5%-used for tools-knives-springs-and hardened parts.

Question 24

Plain carbon steel

Answer 24

Made of only iron and carbon-with minor amounts of manganese-silicon-and copper.

Question 25

High-strength low-alloy (HSLA) steel

Answer 25

Strengthened by small amounts of niobium-vanadium-titanium-or molybdenum.

Question 26

Heat-treatable steel

Answer 26

Medium-carbon steel that can be quenched and tempered for increased hardness.

Question 27

Tool steel

Answer 27

High-carbon steel used for cutting-shaping-and forming materials.

Question 28

Stainless steel

Answer 28

Contains at least 12% chromium-forming a protective oxide layer against rust.

Question 29

Stainless steel properties

Answer 29

Corrosion-resistant-strong-durable-and low maintenance.

Question 30

Elements in stainless steel

Answer 30

Includes nickel-manganese-molybdenum-titanium-silicon-and niobium.

Question 31

Types of stainless steel

Answer 31

Austenitic-Ferritic-Martensitic-Duplex-and Precipitation Hardening stainless steel.

Question 32

Fabrication techniques

Answer 32

Casting-forming-machining-and welding.

Question 33

Casting

Answer 33

A process of shaping metal by pouring molten metal into a mold and letting it solidify.

Question 34

Types of casting

Answer 34

Sand casting-investment casting-die casting-continuous casting.

Question 35

Sand casting

Answer 35

Uses sand molds-suitable for large and complex shapes.

Question 36

Investment casting

Answer 36

Uses wax models-ideal for precise and detailed parts.

Question 37

Die casting

Answer 37

Uses high-pressure molds-commonly used for mass production.

Question 38

Continuous casting

Answer 38

Produces long-uniform metal sections directly from molten steel.

Question 39

Forming

Answer 39

A process where metal is shaped by applying pressure without removing material.

Question 40

Types of forming

Answer 40

Rolling-extrusion-drawing-forging-bending.

Question 41

Cold forming

Answer 41

Metal shaping at room temperature-increasing strength but reducing flexibility.

Question 42

Hot forming

Answer 42

Metal shaping at high temperatures-allowing greater plasticity.

Question 43

Rolling

Answer 43

Reduces thickness by passing metal through rollers.

Question 44

Extrusion

Answer 44

Forces metal through a die to create complex cross-sections.

Question 45

Drawing

Answer 45

Pulls metal through a die to make wires or thin tubes.

Question 46

Forging

Answer 46

Shapes metal using hammering or pressing-improving strength.

Question 47

Bending

Answer 47

Deforms metal to create angles or curves.

Question 48

Machining

Answer 48

A process where material is removed to create a desired shape.

Question 49

Types of machining

Answer 49

Turning-milling-drilling-grinding-electromachining (EDM).

Question 50

Turning

Answer 50

Uses a lathe to rotate metal while a cutting tool shapes it.

Question 51

Milling

Answer 51

Uses rotating cutters to remove material from a workpiece.

Question 52

Drilling

Answer 52

Uses a drill bit to create holes in metal.

Question 53

Grinding

Answer 53

Uses abrasive wheels to smooth surfaces.

Question 54

Electromachining (EDM)

Answer 54

Uses electrical sparks to cut metal precisely.

Question 55

Welding

Answer 55

A process of joining metals using heat and pressure.

Question 56

Types of welding

Answer 56

Arc welding-oxyfuel gas welding-laser beam welding-resistance welding.

Question 57

Arc welding

Answer 57

Uses an electric arc to generate heat and melt metal at the joint.

Question 58

Examples of arc welding

Answer 58

Shielded Metal Arc Welding (SMAW)-Gas Metal Arc Welding (GMAW)-Flux-Cored Arc Welding (FCAW).

Question 59

Oxyfuel gas welding

Answer 59

Uses oxygen and fuel gas (acetylene) to produce a flame for melting metal.

Question 60

Laser beam welding

Answer 60

Uses a highly concentrated laser beam for precise welding.

Question 61

Resistance welding

Answer 61

Uses electrical resistance to generate heat and fuse metals together.

Question 62

Examples of resistance welding

Answer 62

Spot welding and seam welding.

Question 63

Weldability

Answer 63

The ability of a material to be easily joined using welding techniques.