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Reproduction > STDs and Diseases of Penis > Flashcards

STDs and Diseases of Penis Flashcards

1
Q

What is torsion of the testes?

A

Torsion of the spermatic cord, if complete, produces severe pain and infarction of the testicular germ cells within a few hours

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2
Q

What is the most common etiology of torsion of the testes?

A

Presents shortly after vigorous physical exercise

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3
Q

What heralds the diagnosis of torsion of the testes?

A

Abrupt onset of scrotal pain followed by swelling.

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4
Q

What is the histologic effect of torsion of the testes?

A

Swollen, firm testes show both gross and microscopic features of hemorrhagic infarction

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5
Q

What type of cancer is carcinoma of the penis?

A

SCC

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6
Q

What are Bowen Disease?

A

Dysplastic epidermal lesions on the shaft of the penis, sharply demarcated, erythromatous, usually occurring in middle or older-aged men

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7
Q

What are dysplastic lesions of the the glans and prepuce termed?

A

Erythroplasia of Queyrat

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8
Q

In which men does Erythroplasia of Queyrat occur?

A

Uncircumcised men and appear as shiny, soft erythromatous plaque on the glans and foreskin

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9
Q

How frequent is carcinoma of the penis is the US?

A

Rare. Affect 1-2 men per 100,000 (.5% of cancers)

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10
Q

Why do other parts of the world have a higher rate of carcinoma of the penis?

A

Places where circumcision is not practiced and poor hygiene is present - this cancer is greater than 10% of male cancers

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11
Q

What is the average age of diagnosis of carcinoma of the penis?

A

60 years of age

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12
Q

What is the usual growth rate and spread of carcinoma of the penis?

A

Usually slow growing with local metastasis

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13
Q

What is smegma?

A

Product of penile coronal glands, desquamated cells of keratin debris.

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14
Q

What is a major risk factor of carcinoma of the penis?

A

Smegma, that accumulates under the prepuce of uncircumcised males, and it is believed to play a role in prolonged contact carcinogen for the mucosal cells of the glans

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15
Q

Which HPV types have been suggested for the pathogenesis of carcinoma of the penis?

A

HPV types 16 and 18

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16
Q

What does SCC of the penis present as?

A

An ulcerated and hemorrhagic mass on the glans or prepuce. May be ulcerated or exophytic-fungating grossly

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17
Q

What is the histological microscopic quality of carcinoma of the penis?

A

Most are well-differentiated, focally keratinizing, SCCs, that may or may not be invasive into the dermis

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18
Q

Where does the carcinoma of the penis spread?

A

Spreads locally to inguinal and iliac lymph nodes before spreading rarely to distant organs

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19
Q

Where do initial vesicular lesions of Herpes Genitalis appear?

A

Vagina, cervix, vulva, perineum, and glans and shaft of the penis

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20
Q

Where does the herpes virus travel and become latent?

A

Travels up the axon and becomes latent in sensory (lumbar or sacral) ganglion cells

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21
Q

T/F Treatment for HSV-2 is the same way as for HSV-1

A

T

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22
Q

What is Peyronie’s Disease?

A

Malady of unknown etiology characterized by focal, asymmetric, fibrous induration of the shaft of the penis resulting in penile curvature and pain during erection

23
Q

What is primary syphilis?

A

Lesion at site of inoculation, the spirochetes multiply and a local, non-tender ulcer called a Chancre usually forms in 2-10 weeks

24
Q

How does the primary syphilis ulcer heal?

A

Spontaneously

25
Q

What happens to primary syphilis after it heals spontaneously?

A

Spirochetes spread widely in tissues and 1-3 months later, secondary lesions may appear as a maculopapular rash

26
Q

Where do secondary syphilis lesions occur usually after the primary syphilis heals spontaneously?

A

Appear on palms and soles, or as moist papules on the skin and mucous membranes

27
Q

What is secondary syphilis?

A

Moist lesions on the genitals called condylomata lata.

28
Q

What may result in secondary syphilis if there is organ involvement?

A

Meningitis, nephritis, or a hepatitis.

29
Q

What are organ lesions from secondary syphilis rich in?

A

Spirochetes and are highly infectious.

30
Q

What findings are often part of secondary syphilis?

A

Lymphadenopathy, arthritis and fever.

31
Q

Will secondary syphilis heal spontaneously?

A

Yes.

32
Q

What is tertiary syphilis?

A

Occurs years after the initial infection and most frequently involves the aorta (80-85%) with aneurysm formation or aortic regurgitation

33
Q

How does Neurosyphlis occur?

A

Infection from tertiary syphilis involving the CNS (5-10%), from a chronic meningitis to Tabes Dorsalis

34
Q

What is Tabes Dorsalis?

A

From tertiary syphilis, Spirochetal damage to the sensory nerves of the dorsal root resulting in ataxia, loss of pain sensation and absence of deep tendon reflexes

35
Q

What is General Paresis? Which syphilis type causes it?

A

Caused by tertiary syphilis. Caused by invasion of the brain by spirochetes and manifested by progressive loss of physical and mental functions with mood alterations, terminating in severe dementia

36
Q

What are Gumma granulomas?

A

Occurs with tertiary syphilis, granulomas in the skin, bones, and liver which grossly are gray-white and rubbery that heal by scarring

37
Q

What is gonorrhea?

A

Causes the third most common STD (behind venereal warts and Chlamydia)

38
Q

What species is affected by gonorrhea?

A

Disease only in humans, usually symptomatic in males but asymptomatic in females

39
Q

What are additional sources of infection for gonorrhea?

A

Anorectal area and pharynx

40
Q

What are the virulence factors of gonorrhea?

A

Pili (which allows adherence of the organism to host cells, also serves to prevent phagocytosis and IgA protease which hydrolyzes host secretory IgA

41
Q

What is the pathogenesis of gonorrhea?

A

Penetrates the mucous membranes of the urethra, causing inflammation (urethritis)

42
Q

What are the complications of gonorrhea?

A

Painful urination, purulent urethral discharge, epididymitis, prostatis, and urethral strictures

43
Q

Can women develop gonorrhea?

A

Yes, but urethritis is more likely to be asymptomatic with minimal urethral discharge

44
Q

How is the cervix affected by gonorrhea?

A

The columnar epithelium is infected becoming reddened and friable, with purulent exudate

45
Q

What are the symptoms of gonorrhea in women?

A

Complaint of lower abdominal discomfort, pain with sexual intercourse (dyspareunia), and a purulent vaginal discharge

46
Q

Can asymptomatic women transmit gonorrhea?

A

Yes,

47
Q

What can a gonorrheal infection of the cervix progress to?

A

PID, endometritis, salpingitis, and oophoritis

48
Q

What is the other major cause of PID besides gonorrhea?

A

Chlamydia

49
Q

What is Trichomonas vaginalis?

A

A pear-shaped organism with a central nucleus and four anterior flagella. Exists only s a trophozoite with no cyst form

50
Q

How is Trichomonas vaginalis transmitted?

A

Sexually and is found in the female vagina and male urethra

51
Q

What percentage of women in the US harbor the Trichomonas vaginalis organism?

A

Roughly 25-50% and it is one of the most common infections worldwide.

52
Q

What are the sequelae of Trichomonas vaginalis?

A

Water, foul-smelling greenish discharge accompanied by itching and burning.

53
Q

Are men usually symptomatic if they gave Trichomonas vaginalis?

A

Usually asymptomatic - about 10% have urethritis

54
Q

How is diagnosis of Trichomonas vaginalis done?

A

By wet mount prep of vaginal or prostatic secretions for moving trophozoites

Reproduction (10 decks)

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