STDs and CNS Flashcards
Neisseria meningitidis
Gram negative.
Oxidase positive diplococci.
Has a capsule
Able to ferment maltose.
Vaccine is available.
Can cause meningitis and meningococcemia.
Tx: cefotaxime/ceftriaxone/penicillin G.
Prophylaxis: rifampin/ciprofloxacin/ceftriaxone
Chlamydia trachomatis
Gram negative. Does not always have peptidoglycan though. Most common bacterial STD. No vaccine. Obligate intracellular parasite. No peptidoglycan.
Two forms – elementary body is an environmentally stable phase that is infectious, and the reticulate body is an environmentally delicate phase that is replicative. It uses host ATP to divide within cells.
Lives in phagosomes and prevents lysosomal fusion.
Pathology determined by serotype. A-C is trachoma. L1-L3 is lymphogranuloma venereum. D-K is urogenital/cervicitis/infant pneumonia.
Diagnosis: cytology for inclusion bodies, PCR.
Tx: Doxycycline. For eyes, doxycycline/azithromycin/erythromycin.
Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Gram negative.
Oxidase positive diplococci.
Variable surface antigens and antigenic shift.
Opa proteins bind human epithelium.
No capsule.
No fermentation of maltose.
No vaccine.
Causes dysuria and urethral discharge. Can cause PID in women. Can cause septic arthritis. In infants, can cause ophthalmia neonatorum (tx: erythromycin eye drops).
