Bacterial toxins

Question 1

Corynebacteria diptheria

Answer 1

Diphtheria toxin.
ADP-r EF-2 → prevents protein synthesis.
Diphtheria toxoid is used often in conjugate vaccines.

Question 2

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Answer 2

Exotoxin A.

ADP-r EF-2 → prevents proteins synthesis.

Question 3

Vibrio cholerae

Answer 3

Cholera toxin.

ADP-r Gs → cAMP increase → diarrhea.

Question 4

Bordetella pertussis

Answer 4

Pertussis toxin.

ADP-r Gi → cAMP decreases → inhibits neutrophil chemotaxis.

Question 5

Clostridium difficile

Answer 5

Toxin A / Toxin B.
Glucosylates (to inactivate) Rho GTPase → prevents polymerization of actin.
Causes antibiotic-associated diarrhea (after normal gut flora is cleared, C. difficile colonizes in their wake).

Question 6

Clostridium botulinum

Answer 6

Botulinum toxin.

Cleaves SNAREs or acetylcholinergic LMNs → flaccid paralysis.

Question 7

Clostridium tetani

Answer 7

Tetanospasmin.

Cleaves SNAREs of GABAergic UMNs → spastic paralysis.

Question 8

Shigella typhi

Answer 8

Shiga toxin.

Cleaves adenine from RNA.

Question 9

Staphylococcus and Streptococcus

Answer 9

Superantigens.

Link TCR to MHC nonspecifically → cytokine storm.