STDs Flashcards
Scabies
Transmission: can be passed by close physical contact (sexual or no sexual) easily passed in crowded conditions.
Symptoms: itching rash ( at be so sever as to disrupt sleep). Visible reddish tracks spots or pustules (due to tunneling by female mites)
Additional information: Mites are not usually seen, mites do not require hairy skin, may be found in hairless areas, treated by topical insecticidal creams and locations. Possibly infected areas must be washed and dried
Pubic lice
“Crabs”
Transmisson: direct contact (body contact or through shared bedding, clothing, towels, etc. may also spread to other hairy areas of te body
Symptoms:
Men and women: itching at the site of irritation, any damage done by scratching, may be able to see “nits” pubic lice eggs.
Additional info:
Treated by topical insecticidal lotions or shampoos ( should not be used by pregnant or nursing women) must wash towels sheets and clothes.
Trichomoniasis
(Protozoa)
Usually passed through sexual contact
Symptoms/complications:
Men: usually asymptotic, slight discharge from urethra, frequent painful urination,
Women: possibly asymptotic, foul smelling /frothy/ greenish vaginal discharge, abdominal discomfort, vaginal itching and redness, urge to urinate frequently.
Additional info: affected person ins parter should be treated at the same time whether asymptotic or not . Partners can pass back and forth.
Treated by oral Flagyl (not used during pregnancy.
Syphilis
Bacteria
Transmission: spread by direct contact (nearly always sexual) mother to fetus
Symptoms:
Men and women:
-Primary; chancre at site of infection (starts as red bump becomes sore or ulcer)
-secondary: painless rash (which may affect palms or soles of feet), fever, swollen lymph nodes, sore throat, muscle pain
-latent: none
-tertiary syphilis: large ulcers may appear on skin or internal organs. Organ damage.
Additional info:
- chancre may transmit HIV,
- In latent stage person is no longer infectious to partners
- tertiary syphilis occurs in about 15% of cases
- treated by penicillin
- syphilis has still managed to twist elimination
Gonorrhea
Bacteria
Transmission: spread through sexual contact (including anal and oral sex)
Symptoms: Men: may be asymptotic -thick discharge of pus from urethra -burning during urination -epidiymitis
Women
- May be asymptotic
- yellow or bloody vaginal discharge
- bleeding during coitus
- burning during urination
- May cause PID
*recral discharge and bleeding, anal itching, painful bloody bowels in men and women
Additional info: very common, babies can be infected which usual happens in the eyes during the brith process. Treated with oral antibiotics
Chlamydia
Bactria
Transmission: sexual contact (can be spread to mouth and throat). Woman to infant during childhood
Symptoms
Men: (may be asymptotic )
- thin urethral or anal discharge
- burning during urination
- epididymitis
- prostatitis
woman:
- often asymptotic
- thin vaginal or anal discharge
- painful urination
- can cause PID which may lead to infertility, ectopic pregnancy
*local pain or irritation in M and W
Additional info:new, now the most common of all reportable infectious diseases, occur in mouth, throat, or rectum.
-treated with oral antibiotics
Herpes
Virus
Transmission: sexual or non sexual contact
- HSV1 (oral herpes, “fevers blisters”, “cold sores”) passed primarily through kissing and oral sex
- HSV2 (genital herpes)- passed primarily through genital contact, including oral and anal sex
- HSV1 can be located in the genitals and vice versa
Symptoms:
Men and women;
-recurrent breakouts of blisters or fissures localized at site of infection, may be painful (can also be painless or mildly itchy)
-reddish, slightly elevated spots or clusters of spots
-fever, swollen lymph nodes
-can increase risk of cervical cancer
Additional info:
- most common STD in the US
- can be spread to other body parts (eyes via fingers)
- treated by oral antibiotics Valtrex
- not curable, tho treatment may reduce outbreaks
- easy to transfer to partners during outbreaks
- can be passed to child during birth ( May be fatal)
The majority of infected people don’t know!
Genital warts (HPV type 6 or 11)
Transmission: primarily through sexual conflict (including anal and oral sex)
Symptoms:
Men and women: may be asymptotic
- soft pink bumps/ cauliflower type growth
- genital or anal warts
- cancer of external genitalia (rare)
Additional info: removal of warts by freezing but not HPV
- HPV infection is a cause if cancers if the mouth, throat, and vulva
- estimated 50-70% of sexually active become infected.
Precancerous changes in cervix or anus (other HPV types)
Transmitted primarily through sexual contact (including oral and anal)
Symptoms
Men and women: usually asymptotic
-none at early stages
-Can cause cervical and anal cancer
-
Additional info:
-vaccine against types 16 & 18 (I.e gardasil)
Hepatitis B
Transmitted through sexual contact (including oral and anal) or contact with contaminated blood (I.e sharing needles)
Symptoms:
Men and women
-jaundice, fever, malaise, tenderness and swelling of the liver
-most ppl recover although can lead to chronic hepatitis and lover problems (cancer and failure and cirrhosis)
Additional info:
No specific treatment for acute infection; several oral antiviral a available for chronic hepatitis
-vaccine available
*Hep C us also an important cause of chronic liver disease, but it is not commonly sexually transmitted.
Hepatitis A
Transmitted through fecal oral route (but not necessarily sexual, as it may be spread by food handlers)
Symptoms/ complications;
- similar to Hep B but milder
- does not progress to chronic hepatitis
No specific treatment
Vaccine available
HIV/AIDS
Transmission:
Sexual contact (especially P/V and anal sex; oral sex is less common)
-contaminated blood needles, transfusions)
-mother to fetus and breast feeding
*virus can be found in semen, blood, vaginal secretions, tears, saliva, and breast milk
Symptoms/ complications Men and women: -acute flu like illness -symptoms vary -after latent period, opportunistic infections -cervical cancer, lymphoma wasting
Additional info: not curable
- combo of several oral antiviral drugs (HAART)
- death not caused by HIV but rather opportunistic infections as a result of failed immune system
- young gay bisexual men are particularly at risk
-without treatment people with aids typically survive less than a year before succumbing to complications
Bacterial vaginosis
Condition where normal vaginal microorganism are replaced by other bacterial species
Status as STD is uncertain, but common in sexual active women. Causes Kuching, discomfort, foul smelling discharge. May lead to PID and premature delivery in women
May be asymptotic in men and women or accompanied bg urethritis in men
Urethritis
Inclination of the Rutgers usually caused by an infection
- common but not necessarily amused by sex.
- gonorrheas may be a cause of urethritis (NGU)
Symptoms:
- painful urination, urethral discharge
- can speed to bladder (cystitis) and reproductive tract
Molluscum Contagiosum
Skin condition caused by a pox virus
- transmitted by direct skin to skin contact, and contact with infected clothing or towels (non sexual transmission is common)
- Mather by small aided bumps
- does not cause any serious health problems.
