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CPNP EXAM PREP > STDs > Flashcards

STDs Flashcards

1
Q

Graham negative diplococci; Bacterial STD

A

Gonorrhea

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2
Q

What STDs are reportable ?

A

Gonorrhea, chlamydia, syphilis

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3
Q

Thick White yellow purulent creamy discharge

A

Gonorrhea

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4
Q

Irregular /painful menses, frequent, urgent, painful urination, rectal pain, sore throat, fever, malaise, chills, bartholin gland abscess

Scrotal/growing pain/enlarged prostate in men

A

Gonorrhea signs and symptoms

Both males and females are often asymptomatic

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5
Q

Diagnostic for gonorrhea

A

NAATS most sensitive and specific
Vaginal swab for women
First part void for men

Graham negative diplococci and white blood cells; cervical culture using thater-or Martin or transgrow media

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6
Q

Treatment for gonorrhea

A

Rocephin and a child < 8 years or <45 kg
500 mg IM x1 dose treat & doxycycline 100 mg PO b.i.d. daily X7 days covering chlamydia
Or azithromycin 1g po x1dose

Pregnancy:
Azithromycin PO single dose
Or erythromycin 50 mg/KG/day x4 daily doses x14 days

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7
Q

What causes urethritis in men And cervicitis and women; Leading cause of infertility and females

A

Gonorrhea

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8
Q

Parasitic STD; intracellular obligate

A

Chlamydia

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9
Q

Dysuria, intermenstrual spotting, postcoital bleeding, lower abd pain, Reto tenesmus, testicular pain, Penile or vagina discharge

A

Signs and symptoms of chlamydia

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10
Q

Thick cloudy to yellow watery discharge

A

Chlamydia

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11
Q

Can be transmitted perinatal, sexual, cause conjunctivitis, and pneumonia

A

Chlamydia

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12
Q

Diagnostic studies for chlamydia

A

NAAT most sensitive/specific

Culture, DNA probes, and NAATs acceptable in adolescents

Urine testing method of choice for detection

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13
Q

Treatment for chlamydia

A

1 Azithromycin (Zithromax) 1 g PO x1 dose

Or doxycycline hundred milligrams PO bid X7 days

Do not give doxycycline in pregnancy; Give erythromycin for amoxicillin (retest 3 week)

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14
Q

Follow up for chlamydia

A

3 months after treatment

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15
Q

STD caused by treponema Pallidum

Spirochete

A

Syphilis

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16
Q

This disease has an increased risk and man-to-man sex & HIV coinfection

A

Syphilis

All + cases should also have HIV testing

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17
Q

Primary stage of syphilis

A

Painless canker/lesion with erythematous base

Can be found on genital, lip/tongue

Regional lymph enlargement

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18
Q

Secondary stage of syphilis

A

Fever, malaise, sore throat, skin rash (polymorphic maculopapular) *palms/soles, hair loss

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19
Q

Latent syphilis

A

70% of people remain asymptomatic for the rest their life

No lesions

Early = less than one year
Late = greater than one year
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20
Q

Tertiary syphilis

A

Neurosyphilis, cardiac syphilis

S/S: reoccur @ years of initial untreated infections

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21
Q

When is VDLR/RPR done & what does it test for?

A

All pregnancies and at delivery to test for syphilis

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22
Q

Treatment for syphilis

A

Benzanthine penicillin G

For penicillin allergic patients:
Doxycycline 100 mg PO BID x14 day
Or erythromycin/tetracycline

Neurosyphilis Crystaline PEN G

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23
Q

Increase pH and decrease lactobacilli

A

Bacterial vaginosis

Most prevalent vaginal infection and women of reproductive age not a STD/STI

24
Q

Increase milky discharge, puritis, malodorous profuse fishy discharge / or thin white gray discharge after sexual intercourse

Maybe asymptomatic

A

Bacterial vaginosis signs and symptoms

25
Q

Treatment for a bacterial vaginosis

A

Metronidazole 500mg PO
Clindamycin PO
Or Intravaginal

26
Q

HSV

A

Chronic, lifelong viral infection of the herpes genital Simplex virus

27
Q

Painful rash, blisters and ulcers, burning and irritation 24 hours prior to outbreak; dysuria; Fever, Malaise, tender swollen lymph nodes

White to yellow discharge,
Vesicles erythematous base that ulcerates

A

S/S of HSV

28
Q

Diagnostics for HSV

A

Viral culture definitive
Tzanck stain
PCR, serologic test can show increased HSV antibodies

29
Q

Management and treatment for HSV

A 
Antiviral chemotherapy
counseling
Sitz bath
First clinical episode:
Acyclovir 200 mg PO 5X/day x7 to 10 days 
OR 400 mg TID   X7 - 10 days

Recurrent a cycle of ear 400 to 800 mg for 5 days
Initiate treatment within six days of onset

30
Q

What is a transmission for HIV

A

Maternal infant perinatal transmission, breast-feeding, sexual intercourse, blood

31
Q

If mom is positive with HIV can she breast-feed?

A

No

32
Q

Sign and symptoms of HIV infant

A

Low birth weight, failing ratio of head circumference to height/weight, recurrent infections, decreased activity, developmental delay, hepatosplenomegaly, generalized lymphadenopathy

33
Q

Diagnostics for screening infants of HIV

A

Polymerase chain reaction PCR testing is used

34
Q

Screen diagnostic for older children for HIV

A

Enzyme linked amino‘s orbit essay ELISA screening is used sensitivity 99.9%; Followed by Western blot to confirm

35
Q

Flagellated protozoan

A

Trichomonas

36
Q

Profuse vaginal discharge, serratus, irritation with burning on urination, frothy greenish or yellow, fishy discharge, strawberry cervix (read with petechiae) bleeds easily

A

History for trichomonas

37
Q

Diagnostic for trichomonas

A

NAAT, gen/probe, culture no longer preferred method

What mount shows trichomonads

38
Q

Treatment for trichomonas

A

Metronidazole 2 g single-dose
Alcohol consumption should be avoided 24 hours after medication

No sex during treatment ; treat sexual partner

39
Q

When should I patient be followed up for trichomonas?

A

3 months after treatment

40
Q

Painful water rash, cauliflower like 4 to 6 weeks after sex

A

HPV

No treatment will eradicate this disease

41
Q

Symptomatic viral reproductive tract infection caused by condylomata acuminata

A

General warts caused by HPV through sexual transmission

Prepubescent children should be screamed for sexual abuse

42
Q

Epithelial warts or firm bumps that are cauliflower in nature found on anus/genitals
Burning/pain/itching/bleeding

A

symptoms for genital warts

43
Q

Diagnostics for genital warts

A

Clinical inspection
Colonoscopy on cervical/vinegar to Blanch

Pap smear/biopsies

44
Q

Treatment for Genital warts

A

No Way to eradicate this disease; can have spontaneous resolution within three months reoccurrences are common

Refer to GYN

45
Q

When is the first Pap smear and subsequent ones?

A

First Pap smear at 21 years subsequent every three years if normal

46
Q

Male condom

A

Mechanical barrier preventing semen from entering vagina/most effective barrier method

Latex recommended prevents STDs

Polyurethane is latex free for latex sensitive

Natural skin/lamb skin not recommended

Failure rate 3-18%; breaks 1 to 2%

47
Q

Female condom

A

Worn by women
Available over the counter
Inserted up to eight hours before intercourse
21% failure rate

48
Q

Topical creams, jellies, phones, suppositories, and films from her vent pregnancy; used alone or with condoms

A

Vaginal spermicides

Failure rate 6%

Not effective in preventing cervical gonorrhea, chlamydia, HIV

Do not use an anal intercourse can cause cell damage

Increased UTIs

49
Q

Female barrier thinly text done with flexible ring in spermicide applied for vaginal insertion prior to intercourse

A

Diaphragm

Failure rate in adolescents 10 to 25%

Requires pelvic exam for proper fitting
Can you cause UTI, vaginitis

50
Q

Transdermal contraceptive patch

A

Ethinylestradiol/norelgestromin

Where one patch for one week, repeat with a new patch weekly for two more weeks patch must be correctly applied and rotated

Do not use for clotting disorder, impaired liver, abnormal vaginal bleeding, pregnancy, estrogen dependent carcinoma

51
Q

Depo shot

A

IM Q3 months
0.25% failure rate
Contra indicated an active thrombophlebitis, undiagnosed vaginal bleeding, breast malignancy, liver disease

Side effects: spotting, weight gain, bloating, headaches, mood changes, increase risk of bone density

52
Q

One rod implanted in subcutaneous tissue of upper inner arm; long-acting reversible contraception (LARC)

A

Nexplanon
Effective for three years
Vaginal spotting and bleeding or not predictable
Radiopaque

53
Q

Long-acting reversible contraceptive, safe effective Placed by provider implant

A

IUD

Copper T380A Increases uterine and tubal fluids impair sperm function; last 10 years; failure rate 0.8% percent

LNG-IUS marina—-releases levonorgestrel 20 MCG/day; taking cervical mucus, inhibit sperm, suppresses endometrium
Last up to five years ; failure rate 0.2%

54
Q

When should emergency contraception be used

A

Within 72 hours of unprotected intercourse

55
Q

How does emergency contraception work

A

Does not terminate existing pregnancy
Plan B is progesterone only two tabs; plan B one step is a one pill, purchase at any age

Meclizine can be given to Combat symptoms of nausea/vomiting; given first before dose of OCP method to reduce nausea

Pregnancy test after three weeks

56
Q

Symptoms of pregnancy

A

Irregular menses/amenorrhea, nausea vomiting, urinary frequency, breast tenderness, headache, dizziness, abdominal cramps

CPNP EXAM PREP (17 decks)

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