Endo Flashcards
Congenital thyroid what is the T4 and TSH
If the free T4 <6.5 and the TSH is >20
Graves’ disease
If you don’t slow down you’re going to the grave
Hyper thyroidism
Hashimoto’s disease
Hypothyroid = Hashimoto’s
Pathophysiology of type 1 diabetes is which of the following?
Autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta cells
Primary insulin receptor resistance
Increased hepatic glucose production
Reduce glucose uptake by target tissue
Auto immune destruction of pancreatic beta cells by islet cells
All others are describing pathophysiology of T2DM
Gradual symptoms of fatigue, muscle weakness, nausea, vomiting, or diarrhea, orthostatic hypotension, abdominal discomfort
Adrenocortical insufficiency
Influenza like episode with Periorbital/peripheral Edema, Shortness of breath from pulmonary Edema, dry skin
Nephrotic syndrome
Infant of a mother with gestational diabetes is at risk for what abnormalities
Congenital abnormalities, transient neonatal hypoglycemia, birth trauma (Shoulder dystocia)
Infants with IUGR are prone to hypoglycemia primarily because they__
Have a little glucose stores in the form of glycogen and fats; however infants with iUGR generally have increased metabolic rate, do not become acidotic because of hypoglycemia and thus not more prone to sepsis
During the first well baby visit of Joshua two week old, his mother says she is concerned because his penis looks different from his three-year-old brother’s penis. During the physical exam he noticed the baby scrotum is hyperpigmented.Do you know the most common cause of ambiguous Genitalia is
Congenital adrenal hyperplasia CAH
What signs or symptoms are associated with congenital adrenal hyperplasia
Hyponatremia— excessive sodium loss to the kidneys and inability to maintain some electrolyte balance
weight loss that is progressive
dehydration
hyperkalemia
For families of children with congenital adrenal hyperplasia is critical to educate them about
The need for strict replacement therapy and lifelong medication therapy and follow up
Stress dosing for fevers greater than 101 Fahrenheit, trauma, surgery, persistent vomiting will prevent metabolic decompensation
Glucocorticoid Are necessary to treat CAH, what are the consequences of treatment that should be addressed to prevent long-term health issues
Overweight and bone health
Genetic long-term disease that affects adrenal gland it is non-self-limiting
CAH
Secondary hypothyroidism results from
Disease or disorder of the hypothalamus or pituitary gland compromising thyroid function
Congenital hypothyroidism is a higher incidence in which ethnicity
Hispanics and Native Americans
Symptoms of congenital hypothyroidism
Horse cry, course features, lethargy,Constipation
Which of the following children would you suspect has Hyperthyroidism?
Six-year-old female with tiredness
16-year-old male who complains about restlessness
14-year-old adolescent female who is he intolerant and has amenorrhea
Male preteen with behavior problems
Heat intolerance and amenorrhea are very typical signs of hypothyroidism
Behavior problems and restlessness could be other causes other than hyper thyroidism; The six year old complaint is very non-specific
Nephrogenic, vasopressin resistant Diabetes insipidus is caused by
Reduce Renal responsiveness to antidiuretic hormone ADH
Primary symptoms of growth hormone deficiency in infants
Hypoglycemia, exaggerative jaundice, micropenis in boys
Individuals with chronic adrenal insufficiency often have A craving for. ____.
Salt
Infants of diabetic mothers in a newborn. Are particularly at risk for____
Hypoglycemia; LGA
Growth hormone excess is associated with these signs
Tall stature, prominent mandible in supraorbital Ridge, enlargement of the nose/ears/jaw, headaches, excessive sweating, course facial features, large hands and feet, menstrual irregularities, joint pain
