STD's Flashcards by Angela Newland

An infection of the organs of reproduction especially the fallopian tubes where inflammation is caused by Gonorrhea & Chlamydia.

Pelvic Inflammatory Disease

aka Salpingitis

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Gram-Negative Diplococcus (Neisseria gonorrhea-diplococcus organism) that is grown on chocolate agar. MC symptom is Dysuria. MC sign is a Green Mucopurulent discharge MC joint affected is the Knee MC sequelae site in men is the testes leading to sterility, in women salpingitis, in newborns it leads to blindness.

Gonorrhea

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Causative organism for Reiter’s disease (spine) and ophthalmia neonatorum. Causes PID in females while males remain asymptomatic. MC cause of female infertility in the US (3x MC)

Chlamydia

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Organism is Spirochete Treponema Pallidum. Can be transmitted through the placenta. Treated with penicillin. Associated with Hutchinson’s Triad (interstitial keratitis, notched permanent incisors, CN VIII deafness)

Syphilis

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Diagnostic tests for Syphilis

Darkfield microscopy

Labs: VDRL (MC), FTA/ABS, TPI

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What are the stages of Syphilis?

1* Stage: Hard Chancre - singular & painless (< 8 wks)

2* Stage: Maculopapular rash, Condylomata lata (flat warts), & alopecia (8wks to 2yrs) - Most Transmission

3* Stage: Tabes dorsalis (destroys posterior columns), gummas, or vascular damage (aortic aneurysm or aortic valve insufficiency) - No Transmission during this stage (> 25yrs)

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Organism is a parasite that causes greenish yellow, frothy, foul smelling discharge

Trichmoniasis

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Organism: fungus/yeast A white cottage cheese like discharge seen in the mouth (thrush) or in the vagina. Associated with diabetes and antibiotic usage

Moniliasis aka Candidiasis

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Organism is Chlamydia

Affects lymph nodes in the groin & produces rectal strictures

Lymphogranuloma Venereum

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Organism is a bacterium with incubation time 8-80 days

Presents as red, beefy lesions that are nodular and lead to ulcerations and are seen in the anogenital to perineal area.

Granuloma Inguinale

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Organism is a virus (HSV-2)

Vesicle clusters reoccur with decreased immunity or stress

Genital Herpes

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Organism is Human Papilloma virus Papilloma (painful, soft, flesh colored, cauliflower erosions) are linked to cervical cancer

Genital Warts aka Condylomata Accuminata

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Organism is Hemophilus Ducreyi

Papules which become soft & painful (Frei test)

Chancroid

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Organism is HIV (retrovirus)

Frequently associated with opportunistic infections Contraindicated in breast-feeding
High-risk population is homosexual male/IV drugs
Asso Conditions: Pnemocystis carinii (MC), Giardia lamblia & Kaposi’s sarcoma

AIDS

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Lab tests for AIDS

(1) ELISA-screening test (RNA)
(2) Western-blot (proteins) - most accurate

* ELISA 2x(+) before Western blot

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Organism is a virus

It can occur in children & is sexually transmitted only in adults

Characterized by a dome shaped, flesh colored or gray umbilicated papule that becomes pearly white with caseous core.

Seen in mucosa of mouth & eyelids

Molluscum contagiosum

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A small lesion < 0.5cm that is FLAT such as a freckle

Macule

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A small RAISED lesion < 0.5cm

Associated with measles & syphilis (solid)

Papule

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A small lesion < 0.5cm filled with SEROUS FLUID & associated with herpes & chicken pox

Vesicle

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A small lesion < 0.5cm filled with PUS & associated with staph infection due to a furuncle.

Pustule

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A hard RAISED lesion < 0.5cm in size

Nodule

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A FLUID filled lesion > 0.5cm in size associated with phemphigus (blisters).

Bulla

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A pre-cancerous lesion seen on mucus membrane and associated with tobacco use. (cannot be scraped off like thrush)

Leukoplakia

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Located on the face, nose & cheeks, and is exacerbated by sunlight, caffeine & alcohol.

Acne Rosacea

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A condition of sebaceous glands characterized by comedones and pus filled cysts. (especially in adolescence)

Acne Vulgaris

Sun Spot, Liver Spot MC benign sun-induced lesion MC in elderly

Actinic Lentigo

A pitted erythematous lesion or ulcer in the mouth (cankersore)

Aphthous Somatitis

"Carload of furuncles" Same organism & lesion location as furuncle

Carbuncle

An accumulation of sebum within a pore.

Comedome

Closed Comedone

Whitehead

Open Comedome

Blackhead

A non-tender epidermal cyst that is filled with sebum (oil)

Epidermal Cyst aka Wen

Organism is beta hemolytic strep Presents as **red, fiery, advancing lesion** on the skin. Pt will have **fever** & **elevated ASO titer**

Erysipelas

A skin reaction usually associated with strep characterized by **bilateral, red & tender nodules on the pre-tibia area of the legs.** **(+) ASO titer**

Erythema Nodosum

Any superficial surface injury to the skin

Excoriation

Diagnosis for any Fungal/Mycotic infection (Tinea)

Wood's Lamp | (black light exam)

Fungal infection of the body

Tinea Corpus

Fungal infection of the Foot

Tinea Pedia | (Athlete's Foot)

Fungal infection of the Nails

Tinea Ungunum

Fungal infection of the Scalp

Tinea Capitus

Fungal infection of the Groin

Tinea Cruris | (Jock Itch)

Fungal infection of the Beard

Tinea Barbae

Multiple hypo-pigmented, asymptomatic lesions varying in color from white to brown.

Tinea Versicolor

A staph-infected hair follicle that presents as a painful nodule

Furuncle

HSV infection characterized by small **vesicles**"cold sores" located on the mouth or in the genital region. Can be reactivated during delivery

Herpes Simplex HSV1 = mouth HSV2 = groin (STD)

What is the herpes skin test?

Tzank

Found in the **Dorsal Root Ganglion**; lies dormant until immune compromised. Vesicular lesions follow the course of the **Thoracic dermatome & CN V.** Painful

Herpes Zoster | (Shingles)

Increased Keratinization producing a non-inflammatory skin lesion. (dry cracked skin)

Ichthyosis | (Fish Skin)

**"Honey crusted lesion" or Yellow crusted lesion** Organism may be staph or strep (MC) Crusty lesions found on the face on the corners of the mouth or on the hands of children. Extremely contagious!

Impetigo

Reddened areas caused by moisture, friction & warmth retention found on opposing skin surfaces. (skin folds)

Intertrigo

A dense, sharply elevated, progressively **enlarging scar** with collagenous hyperplasia seen in African-Americans, Latinos & Asians.

Keloid

Rough & thick skin due to constant scratching of a pruritic, chronic dermatitis. (leather-like)

Lichenification

An inflammatory pruritic disease characterized by papules with shiny, fine inconspicuous SCALES and whitish lines or puncta.

Lichen Planus

A discrete **coin-shaped**, ring or annular lesion that coalesce to form patches which ooze and crust over.

Nummular Eczema

Tender bacterial or fungal hand infection or foot infection where the nail & skin meet at the side (cuticle)

Paronychia

Caused by LICE. Pubic area? Body? Head?

Pediculosis Pediculosis Pedis Pediculosis Corpus Pediculosis Capitus

A potentially life threatening condition exhibiting bulla (blisters) on the face & head (skin). MC in Jewish MALES

Pemphigus Vulgaris

Exhibits a characteristic oval/round lesion called a HERALD PATCH. Caused by a virus

Pityriasis Rosea "Rose Patch"

"Silver scales & Pitted Nails" Silver scales on extensor surfaces of knees & elbows. Pitting finger nails Sero-negative arthropathy "Puncta on the unguinal" region

Psoriasis

A transmissible (whirlpool) infection caused by **MITES** & characterized by grouped vesicles & superficial **linea furrows** in the groin (where they burrowed)

Scabies

Dandruff Similar to "cradle cap" in newborns

Seborrheic Dermatitis

Hives described as a **wheal** due to an allergy such as penicillin or a food allergy.

Urticaria

An auto-immune (acquired) condition characterized by **depigmentation** (absent melanocytes) after development. Especially on hands, face, body folds & genitalia.

Vitiligo

Complete depigmentation (lack of melanin) of the body first observed at birth. (Born with no melanin)

Albinism

Organism is Candia Albicans. Oral is called "Thrush"

Yeast Infectons

1st symptom of AIDS patient?

Thrush

MC skin cancer Waxy and indurated Least invasive Rare Metastasis

Basal Cell

Malignant tumor of epithelial cells (irregular & flaky) Rough dry skin MC from sun exposure

Squamous cell

Most Invasive; Multi-colored Irregular Borders

Melanoma

Premalignant condition of the skin cuased by exposure of the sun. "Orange"

Actinic Keratosis

Multiple hypo-pigmented asymptomatic fungal infection (gray or white patches) MC from tanning beds

Tinea Versicolor