OBGYN Flashcards by Angela Newland

Measured in pregnant women using maternal blood or amniotic fluid as a screening test for a subset of developmental abnormalities; it is principally INCREASED in open neural tube defects and DECREASED in down syndrome.

Alpha Fetoprotein

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The abnormal cessation of menses (absent pre-menarche and post-menopause)

Amenorrhea

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Exam of Amniotic Fluid - done for the health of the fetus, chromosomes, lung maturity.
(If born <37wks = MUST HAVE DONE!)

Amniocentesis

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Deficient in vitamin D and iron

Breast Milk

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First breast milk

Colostrum

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The expansion or stretching of the cervix during 1st stage of labor

Dilation of the cervix

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Painful menses

Dysmenorrhea

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1* dysmennorrhea is hormonal and has increased _____

Prostaglandin

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2* dysmennorrhea is from what?

Pathology i.e. endometriosis

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Abnormal, painful or prolonged labor

Dystocia

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Thinning of the cervix in conjunction with dilation during 1st stage.

Effacement

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Decent of the fetal skull to the level of the ischial spines

Engagement

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Excessive nausea and vomiting during pregnancy

Hyperemesis Gravidarum

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The MC surgical procedure for the diagnosis and treatment of Endometriosis

Laparoscopy

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The baby drops into the pelvis 2 weeks before delivery & produces lower abdominal pain.

Lightening

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Dark streak down the midline of the abdomen seen during pregnancy.

Linea Nigra

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Vaginal discharge after delivery and throughout the puerperium; 1st red, 2nd yellow, 3rd white.

Lochia

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1st menstrual cycle

Menarche

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Pain in abdomen at ovulation (rare)

Mittelschmerz

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More than one delivery of viable infant

Multiparous

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Never given birth to a viable infant

Nulliparous

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First pregnancy with a viable infant

Primpara

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MC from C-Section; MC complication of childbirth

Post Partum Infection

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Period of time after the delivery of the placenta to the complete involution of the organs (shrinking back to original size @ 6wks), and what is an infection during this time called?

Puerperium

Puerperal Sepsis

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1st perception by the mother of fetal life

Quickening

Identifies the fetal head position (cm) in relation to the spines of the Ischium.

Station

What are the signs of pregnancy?

1) Menses 3 weeks late & | 2) Presence of fetal HEARTBEAT (best)

Bluish discoloration of the vagina (sign of pregnancy)

Chadwick's sign

Softening of the tip of the cervix

Goodell's sign

Softening of the isthmus of the uterus

Hegar's sign

Enlargement of the uterus near the uterine tube over the site of implantation.

Piskacek's sign

MC reason for post-partum hemorrhage

Atonic Uterus

Early uterine contractions (oxytocin) without cervical changes. "Fake contraction"

Braxton Hick's Contractions

MC location for malignancy of the female genital tract

Cervix

Brown hyperpigmentation of the face/mask of pregnancy

Chloasma aka Melasma

Malignancy of the placenta due to abnormal epithelium | Extremely high HCG!!!

Choriocarcinoma

Herniation of the urinary bladder into the vagina (Anteriorly)

Cystocele

A toxemia of pregnancy caused by hypertension leading to convulsions. High BP, Edema, etc.

Eclampsia

The fertilized egg most commonly implants in one of the fallopian tubes. Symptoms include light vaginal bleeding, lower abdominal pain, cramping on one side of the pelvis.

Ectopic Pregnancy

Abnormal endometrial tissue outside the uterus. Abdominal/Back pain & can cause infertility. PAINFUL INTERCOURSE!

Endometriosis

MC type of post-partum infection (staph/strep); inflammation of endometrium.

Endometritis

Palpable nodules in breast after ovulation with regression after menses (overweight diabetic women) "Painful, bumpy boobs @ cycle worse with caffeine"

Fibrocystic Breast Disease

A benign of trophoblastic tissue which develops at the placenta. May become malignant and then is called Choriocarcinoma. Very high HCG seen. (Makes placenta without baby)

Hydatidiform Mole

Presence of numerous cysts along the outer edge of the ovary caused by hormonal imbalance. Usually no menstration monthly Associated with diabetes

Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome

Toxemia of pregnancy with the following signs: HEP - Hypertension, Edema, Proteinuria

Pre-eclampsia

Herniation of the rectum into the vagina (posteriorly); "collapsed pouch" along the posterior vaginal wall.

Rectocele

Responsible for maturation of the follicle in the ovary | prepares it

FSH

Promotes health of corpus leuteum; used to detect pregnancy

HCG

Most responsible for ovulation | releases it

Uterine contractions during labor & milk let-down (ejection) following delivery.

Oxytocin

Responsible for milk production

Prolactin

Stage of Labor: | From the 1st meaningful contraction to the full dilation of the cervix to 10cm; longest stage (up to 36 hours)

1st - Dilation

The release of the mucus plug during the first stage of labor

Bloody show

Stage of Labor: From full dilation of the cervix to delivery of the baby (urge to push)

2nd - Expulsion

Stage of Labor: From delivery of the baby to delivery of the placenta (most dangerous to mother)

3rd - Placental Delivery

Stage of Labor: A period of time from delivery of the placenta to several hours when the tone of the uterus is established and the uterus contracts expelling any remaining contents.

4th - Stabilization

Low lying placenta with partial obstruction of the internal os Must have C-Section

Placenta Praevia

Normally placed placenta, detaches from site; spontaneous abortion/premature separation

Placenta Abruptio

Placenta does not separate after delivery | Grows into muscular layer of uterus causing hysterectomy after delivery

Placenta Accreta

Umbilical cord is attached at the margin of the placenta (rather than the center). It rarely occurs and does not affect placental functioning.

Battledore Placenta

What are the following Pap Smear Classifications: | I, II, III, IV, V

``` I - Normal II - Atypical or Benign (possible infection/inflammation) III - Dysplasia / Pre-cancerous IV- In Situ / Non-invasive carcinoma V - Malignancy / Invasive ```