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OS Reproductive > STD Handouts > Flashcards

STD Handouts Flashcards

1
Q

Can syphillis be cultured?

A

No

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2
Q

How is congenital syphilis acquired?

A

Through placenta

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3
Q

What is the hallmark sign of syphilis?

A

Chancre

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4
Q

Do chancres hurt?

A

No

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5
Q

Secondary syphillis - go

A

Systemic, with fever, LAD, mucosal membrane snail track lesions, and hand and foot rash

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6
Q

Hand and feet rash, mucosal membrane lesions?

A

Secondary syphilis?

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7
Q

How is syphilis diagnosed?

A 
Serology
Non-treponemal tests are cheaper:
RPR, VDRL
false + w/ hep, mono, SLE
Ag is beef heart cardiolipin

Treponemal - more exp
FTA-ABS

Darkfield microscopy in early dz helpful

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8
Q

Syphilis treatment

A

Pen G

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9
Q

Is syphilis primarily pathogenic because of the agent or the response?

A

Response

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10
Q

Primary syphilis S/S

A

Painless ulcer at site of entry

Non-tender inguinal LAD

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11
Q

Latent syphilis early and late, and difference?

A

Latent: no symptoms, positive serology
Early: may relapse to secondary, moms may pass to baby
Late: does not relapse to secondary, cannot pass to fetus

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12
Q

Tertitary syphilis S/S

A

Progessive inflammatory, years to develop
Endarteritis
GUMMAS
Eventually, CV symptoms and CNS!!!!

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13
Q

Syphilis tx

A

Large 1x PenG

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14
Q

Co-factors for cervical cancer

A

Smoking

HSV infection

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15
Q

Can HPV be cultured?

A

No

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16
Q

E6 does what

A

Inactivates p53

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17
Q

E7 does what

A

inactivates Rb

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18
Q

HPV structure

A

circular unenveloped dsDNA

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19
Q

Explain the difference between permissive and non-permissive cells

A

Non-permissive: late genes not expressed, leading to transformed cells (can produce tumors!)

Differentiated squamous cells become permissive as rise

In malignant tumors, portion of genome has been integrated, and during that process of integrating E6 and E7, their regulatory protein is not included

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20
Q

Explain warts and skin cells

A

Virus infects basal cells which are non-permissive until mature to surface; become permissive and replicate virus

Virus always resides in basal cels genomes

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21
Q

What are laryngeal papillomas?

A

Chronic benign warts of respiratory tract appearing before age 5

3% die from respiratory distress

Acquired at birth 50% of time

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22
Q

Which strains of HPV cause subclinical papilloma infection?

A

16, 18, 31

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23
Q

Which HPV cause genital and oral/neck cancer

A

16, 18, 31

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24
Q

Which strains cause laryngeal papillomas?

A

6, 11

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25
Q

How can you find SPI?

A

Brush area with 5% acetic acid, turns wart white

Also pap can look for koilocytotic squamous epithelium

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26
Q

Tx of HPV

A

LEEP removes dysplastic cells
Drugs
BCA and TCA

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27
Q

GC and Ct diagnosis?

A

NAAT on urine or exudate

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28
Q

Which bugs can cause PID?

A

GC, Ct

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29
Q

If someone is infected with GC, it is very possible they’re also infected with:

A

Ct

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30
Q

This entire MOA of antibiotics is ineffective against Ct

A

beta lactams

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31
Q

Is GC encapsulated?

A

Yes but not MC

LPS provokes big inflammatory response

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32
Q

Antigenic variation important for __ by using __

A

GC, pili

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33
Q

GC pilus change?

A

PiliS is a silent locus with no promoter, but eventually part of it gets put into PilE (expression locus) - causes lots of antigens

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34
Q

What does disseminated GC present with

A

Rash, sepsis, sometimes arthritis, sometimes endocarditis

35
Q

Symptoms of genital GC

A

Purulent discharge

36
Q

Symptoms of genital Ct

A

Less purulent, more milky

37
Q

Male symptoms of urethritis infection

A

dysuria

38
Q

PID symptoms

A

dull and severe lower abd pain, fever, cervical motion tenderness

39
Q

Symptoms of infantile Ct pneumonia

A

Repetitive staccato cough with tachypnea

1-4 mo post-partum

40
Q

Inapparent infections are common for which STDs?

A

Ct and GC

41
Q

What is LGV?

A

Another form of Ct STD
More incasive strain
Inguinal LAD, ulceration at site of entry (can confuse with syphilis)
Rare in US but be aware!

42
Q

Disturbance of what factors of normal vaginal flora causes possibility for infection?

A

Normal flora maintain low pH and produce H2O2

43
Q

What are some buzz words that clue you into possible vaginitis? E.g., tight underpants

A 
Sexual activity
Douching
IUDs
Menstrual onset
Pregnancy
44
Q

Is trichomonas an STD?

A

Yes

45
Q

What are the agents of BV we discussed?

A

Cardnerella vaginalis
Mobiluncus
Candida (fungal)
Trichomonas (protozoan)

46
Q

Candida discharge vagina

A

Clumped adherent plaques

47
Q

Trichomonas discharge vagina

A

Profuse yellow frothy

48
Q

Bacterial discharge of vagina

A

White-grey, adherent coating

49
Q

A pH of greater than 4.5 should make you think about these infections

A

Trichomonas

BV

50
Q

Which vaginal infections have a fishy odor with 10% KOH?

A

Trichomonas, BV

51
Q

Which vaginal infection would you see Clue cells and what are they?

A

BV

Bacteria stuck to epithelial cels

52
Q

What are symptoms of cystitis?

A

Dysuria, suprapubic pain, PMNs in urine, over 10^5 bacteria in urine

53
Q

What are symptoms of pyelonephritis?

A

Flank pain is most distinguishing

FEVER (not seen w/ cystitis!)

54
Q

Which vaginal infection causes extreme itching?

A

Candidiasis

55
Q

Cottage cheese exudate?

A

candidiasis

56
Q

Pts with this disease often suffer from chronic candidiasis, genital and oral

A

DM

57
Q

HSV eye manifestations

A

Blepharitis and conjunctivitis (primary) - in kids

Keratitis (recurrent)

58
Q

HSV 1 and 2 which is more likely to recur?

A

2

59
Q

What are the causes of HSV encephalitis in adults and infants

A

Adults: HSV 1 recurrence
Neonates: HSV 2 primary

60
Q

Which HSV causes meningitis?

A

HSV 2 primary

61
Q

S/S of neonatal herpes

A

Skin, eyes, mouth –> better outcome than disseminated (MOF)

62
Q

Which HSV is more commonly a genital infection

A

2

63
Q

A viral culture shows cytopathic effect. What is it?

A

genital HSV

64
Q

Pt is positive for HSV serology to glycoprotein G. What stage of the infection do they have?

A

Latent; only indicates past infection

65
Q

What is a Tzanck smear used for?

A

Multinucleated giant cells suspecting HSV

66
Q

First and second line HSV therapy

A

ACV, foscarnet

ACV often doesn’t work in AIDS

67
Q

What are some hallmarks of tertiary syphilis?

A

Endarteritis
Aortic regurgitation
Gummas
CNS

68
Q

What are S/S of congenital syphilis?

A 
Indented face
Saber shins
Gun barrel sight
Weird teeth
Deafness
69
Q

How could you test to see if antibiotics worked for syphilis treatment?

A

RPR or VDRL are cheap and good

FTA-AB NOT good because titers remain high

70
Q

What would you expect to see on GC gram stain?

A

G- cocci with neutrophils

71
Q

What would you expect to see on a Ct gram stain?

A

No staining so:

No bacteria, + PMNs

72
Q

Tx for GC

A

Single IM ceftriaxone

73
Q

Ct tx

A

azithromycin

74
Q

What are the bacterial agents of BV?

A

Gardnerella vaginalis, Mobiluncus, anaerobes

75
Q

Clumped adherent plaques

A

Candida

76
Q

Yellow frothy discharge

A

trich

77
Q

White-gray discharge

A

bacterial

78
Q

Strawberry cervix

A

trich

79
Q

Treatment for all causes of BV except Candida?

A

Metronidazole

80
Q

Treatment for candidiasis

A

Imidazole IVa

81
Q

HSV diagnosing

A

rapid blood test

82
Q

This pathogen is oxidase +

A

GC

83
Q

What pathogen do you culture on Thayer Martin medium?

A

GC

OS Reproductive (9 decks)

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