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STD Handouts Flashcards

1
Q

Can syphillis be cultured?

A

No

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2
Q

How is congenital syphilis acquired?

A

Through placenta

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3
Q

What is the hallmark sign of syphilis?

A

Chancre

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4
Q

Do chancres hurt?

A

No

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5
Q

Secondary syphillis - go

A

Systemic, with fever, LAD, mucosal membrane snail track lesions, and hand and foot rash

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6
Q

Hand and feet rash, mucosal membrane lesions?

A

Secondary syphilis?

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7
Q

How is syphilis diagnosed?

A 
Serology
Non-treponemal tests are cheaper:
RPR, VDRL
false + w/ hep, mono, SLE
Ag is beef heart cardiolipin

Treponemal - more exp
FTA-ABS

Darkfield microscopy in early dz helpful

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8
Q

Syphilis treatment

A

Pen G

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9
Q

Is syphilis primarily pathogenic because of the agent or the response?

A

Response

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10
Q

Primary syphilis S/S

A

Painless ulcer at site of entry

Non-tender inguinal LAD

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11
Q

Latent syphilis early and late, and difference?

A

Latent: no symptoms, positive serology
Early: may relapse to secondary, moms may pass to baby
Late: does not relapse to secondary, cannot pass to fetus

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12
Q

Tertitary syphilis S/S

A

Progessive inflammatory, years to develop
Endarteritis
GUMMAS
Eventually, CV symptoms and CNS!!!!

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13
Q

Syphilis tx

A

Large 1x PenG

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14
Q

Co-factors for cervical cancer

A

Smoking

HSV infection

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15
Q

Can HPV be cultured?

A

No

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16
Q

E6 does what

A

Inactivates p53

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17
Q

E7 does what

A

inactivates Rb

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18
Q

HPV structure

A

circular unenveloped dsDNA

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19
Q

Explain the difference between permissive and non-permissive cells

A

Non-permissive: late genes not expressed, leading to transformed cells (can produce tumors!)

Differentiated squamous cells become permissive as rise

In malignant tumors, portion of genome has been integrated, and during that process of integrating E6 and E7, their regulatory protein is not included

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20
Q

Explain warts and skin cells

A

Virus infects basal cells which are non-permissive until mature to surface; become permissive and replicate virus

Virus always resides in basal cels genomes

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21
Q

What are laryngeal papillomas?

A

Chronic benign warts of respiratory tract appearing before age 5

3% die from respiratory distress

Acquired at birth 50% of time

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22
Q

Which strains of HPV cause subclinical papilloma infection?

A

16, 18, 31

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23
Q

Which HPV cause genital and oral/neck cancer

A

16, 18, 31

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24
Q

Which strains cause laryngeal papillomas?

A

6, 11

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25
How can you find SPI?
Brush area with 5% acetic acid, turns wart white Also pap can look for koilocytotic squamous epithelium
26
Tx of HPV
LEEP removes dysplastic cells Drugs BCA and TCA
27
GC and Ct diagnosis?
NAAT on urine or exudate
28
Which bugs can cause PID?
GC, Ct
29
If someone is infected with GC, it is very possible they're also infected with:
Ct
30
This entire MOA of antibiotics is ineffective against Ct
beta lactams
31
Is GC encapsulated?
Yes but not MC | LPS provokes big inflammatory response
32
Antigenic variation important for __ by using __
GC, pili
33
GC pilus change?
PiliS is a silent locus with no promoter, but eventually part of it gets put into PilE (expression locus) - causes lots of antigens
34
What does disseminated GC present with
Rash, sepsis, sometimes arthritis, sometimes endocarditis
35
Symptoms of genital GC
Purulent discharge
36
Symptoms of genital Ct
Less purulent, more milky
37
Male symptoms of urethritis infection
dysuria
38
PID symptoms
dull and severe lower abd pain, fever, cervical motion tenderness
39
Symptoms of infantile Ct pneumonia
Repetitive staccato cough with tachypnea | 1-4 mo post-partum
40
Inapparent infections are common for which STDs?
Ct and GC
41
What is LGV?
Another form of Ct STD More incasive strain Inguinal LAD, ulceration at site of entry (can confuse with syphilis) Rare in US but be aware!
42
Disturbance of what factors of normal vaginal flora causes possibility for infection?
Normal flora maintain low pH and produce H2O2
43
What are some buzz words that clue you into possible vaginitis? E.g., tight underpants
``` Sexual activity Douching IUDs Menstrual onset Pregnancy ```
44
Is trichomonas an STD?
Yes
45
What are the agents of BV we discussed?
Cardnerella vaginalis Mobiluncus Candida (fungal) Trichomonas (protozoan)
46
Candida discharge vagina
Clumped adherent plaques
47
Trichomonas discharge vagina
Profuse yellow frothy
48
Bacterial discharge of vagina
White-grey, adherent coating
49
A pH of greater than 4.5 should make you think about these infections
Trichomonas | BV
50
Which vaginal infections have a fishy odor with 10% KOH?
Trichomonas, BV
51
Which vaginal infection would you see Clue cells and what are they?
BV | Bacteria stuck to epithelial cels
52
What are symptoms of cystitis?
Dysuria, suprapubic pain, PMNs in urine, over 10^5 bacteria in urine
53
What are symptoms of pyelonephritis?
Flank pain is most distinguishing | FEVER (not seen w/ cystitis!)
54
Which vaginal infection causes extreme itching?
Candidiasis
55
Cottage cheese exudate?
candidiasis
56
Pts with this disease often suffer from chronic candidiasis, genital and oral
DM
57
HSV eye manifestations
Blepharitis and conjunctivitis (primary) - in kids | Keratitis (recurrent)
58
HSV 1 and 2 which is more likely to recur?
2
59
What are the causes of HSV encephalitis in adults and infants
Adults: HSV 1 recurrence Neonates: HSV 2 primary
60
Which HSV causes meningitis?
HSV 2 primary
61
S/S of neonatal herpes
Skin, eyes, mouth --> better outcome than disseminated (MOF)
62
Which HSV is more commonly a genital infection
2
63
A viral culture shows cytopathic effect. What is it?
genital HSV
64
Pt is positive for HSV serology to glycoprotein G. What stage of the infection do they have?
Latent; only indicates past infection
65
What is a Tzanck smear used for?
Multinucleated giant cells suspecting HSV
66
First and second line HSV therapy
ACV, foscarnet | ACV often doesn't work in AIDS
67
What are some hallmarks of tertiary syphilis?
Endarteritis Aortic regurgitation Gummas CNS
68
What are S/S of congenital syphilis?
``` Indented face Saber shins Gun barrel sight Weird teeth Deafness ```
69
How could you test to see if antibiotics worked for syphilis treatment?
RPR or VDRL are cheap and good FTA-AB NOT good because titers remain high
70
What would you expect to see on GC gram stain?
G- cocci with neutrophils
71
What would you expect to see on a Ct gram stain?
No staining so: | No bacteria, + PMNs
72
Tx for GC
Single IM ceftriaxone
73
Ct tx
azithromycin
74
What are the bacterial agents of BV?
Gardnerella vaginalis, Mobiluncus, anaerobes
75
Clumped adherent plaques
Candida
76
Yellow frothy discharge
trich
77
White-gray discharge
bacterial
78
Strawberry cervix
trich
79
Treatment for all causes of BV except Candida?
Metronidazole
80
Treatment for candidiasis
Imidazole IVa
81
HSV diagnosing
rapid blood test
82
This pathogen is oxidase +
GC
83
What pathogen do you culture on Thayer Martin medium?
GC

OS Reproductive (9 decks)

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