Embryology

Question 1

The ureter, renal calyces, and pelvis are derived from:

Answer 1

ureteric bud

Question 2

The metanephric blastema develops into:

Answer 2

nephrons

Question 3

Unilateral renal agenesis most common form

Answer 3

Left side in males

Question 4

The cloaca turns into:

Answer 4

anorectal canal and the urorectal septum

Question 5

The urorectal septum forms:

Answer 5

Bladder
urethra
prostate
lower vagina

Question 6

Primordial germ cells are derived from:

Answer 6

the yolk sac

Question 7

Female germ cells immediately begin meiosis after migration and halt at __

Answer 7

Prophase I

Question 8

The primary sex cord develop into: M & F

Answer 8

Seminiferous tubules / primordial follicles

Question 9

These four events are required for proper male virilization

Answer 9

TDF (SRY)
T secretion by Leydig cells to stim. internal genitalia
MIF from Sertoli cells (degenerates Mullerian)
DHT for external genitalia

Question 10

S/S of low DHT in utero and MCC

Answer 10

Micropenis or microscrotum; usually 5a-reductase defect

Question 11

S/S of low MIF in utero

Answer 11

Vagina and clitoris with 46, XY

Question 12

The Wolffian duct forms these structures

Answer 12

SEED:
Seminal vesicles
Epididymis
Ejaculatory duct
Ductus deferens

Question 13

The upper vagina is derived from __ while the lower is from __

Answer 13

Upper: Mullerian duct
Lower: urogenital sinus

Question 14

What structures does the Mullerian duct form

Answer 14

Female internal:

tubes, uterus, upper vag

Question 15

What is Gartner’s cyst?

Answer 15

Benign remnant of mesonephric duct usually occurring on lateral wall of vagina

Question 16

Describe uterus bicornis

Answer 16

Two cavities, two cervices

Question 17

When can ultrasound differentiate external genitalia?

Answer 17

12 wks

Question 18

The glans penis is derived from:

Answer 18

genital tubercle

Question 19

The clitoris is derived from:

Answer 19

genital tubercle

Question 20

In females, the urogenital ridges fuse to form:

Answer 20

labia minora (partial fusion)

Question 21

The male counterpart of the labia major is:

Answer 21

scrotum (both from genital swelling)

Question 22

Failure of urogenital folds to fuse in males causes

Answer 22

hypospadias

Question 23

Epispadias is commonly associated with

Answer 23

bladder exstrophy

Question 24

In adult males what is the remnant of peritoneum scooped down into testes?

Answer 24

tunica vaginalis

Question 25

What is the extension of parietal peritoneum called that travels down into the area that will become the testicles?

Answer 25

processus vaginalis

Question 26

What is a hydrocele?

Answer 26

Tunica vaginalis filled with fluid; lights up with light

Question 27

What causes a congenital indirect inguinal hernia?

Answer 27

persistent process vaginalis

Question 28

What is the most common cause of 46, XX genotype with masculinzation of external genitalia?

Answer 28

CAH

Question 29

What is the most common cause of 46, XY with female-like genitalia?

Answer 29

Inadequate MIF + 5a-reductase activity

Question 30

What is the most common cause of 46, XY with testes in the inguinal area?

Answer 30

Androgen insensitivity syndrome