Staying Healthy

Question 1

What is a Non-infectious disease caused by?

Answer 1

• Poor Diet (Lack of Vitamin C causes Scurvy)
• Organ Malfunction (Pancreas stops producing insulin, diabetes)
• Genetic inheritance (Red-green colourblindness)

Question 2

How can you reduce the risk of getting cancer?

Answer 2

• Don’t smoke
• Don’t drink excess alcohol
• Avoid getting sunburnt
• Eat a healthy diet

Question 3

What is the difference between a Benign and Malignant tumour?

Answer 3

Benign - Doesn’t spread. Not described as cancerous.

Malignant - Spreads and grows in other parts of body. Described as cancerous.

Question 4

Name the different types of Pathogen.

Answer 4

• Fungi (Athlete’s foot)
• Viruses (Flu)
• Bacteria (Cholera)
• Protozoa (Malaria)

Question 5

Name the different defences the body has to stop pathogens entering.

Answer 5

• Skin (Acts as barrier against microorganisms)
• Respiratory System (Mucus membrane traps microorganisms)
• Stomach (Produces hydrochloric acid which kills microorganisms on the food we eat)
• Blood (Clots in wounds to prevent microorganisms entering bloodstream)

Question 6

What is the difference between Lymphocytes and Phagocytes?

Answer 6

Lymphocytes - Recognise antigens on pathogen. Stick to the surface of pathogen and produce antibodies that lock on antigens and kill the pathogens.

Phagocytes - Engulfs pathogens

Question 7

What is the difference between Active and Passive immunity?

Answer 7

Active Immunity - Where the body produces antibodies to kill a pathogen.

Passive Immunity - When antibodies are put into an individual’s body.

Question 8

Explain how Immunisation works.

Answer 8

• Weakened/Dead pathogen is injected into body.
• Antigens trigger white blood cells to produce the specific antibodies.
• The memory cells remained sensitised, meaning they can produce more antibodies quicker if the same pathogen is detected again.

Question 9

What are the Advantages and Disadvantages of Immunisation?

Answer 9

Advantages

• Protects against diseases that could kill/cause disability.
• If everyone is vaccinated, the disease cannot spread and will die out.

Disadvantages
-An individual could have an allergic reaction to the vaccine.

Question 10

How can diseases caused by bacteria or fungi be treated?

Answer 10

Antibiotics

Question 11

Name the different ways of drug testing.

Answer 11

• Computer models (To predict how drug will affect cells based on knowledge of how the body works)
• Animals (To see how it affects living organisms)
• Human tissue (To see how it affects human cells)