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CSPS > Statistics of the Prison Population > Flashcards

Statistics of the Prison Population Flashcards

1
Q

Prison Pop.

England & Wales, June 2016

A

84,405

exp. 90k by 2020

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2
Q

Prison pop. increase since 1993?

A

92% rise (incr. by 41k)

greater use of long sentences accounts for 66% of rise; avg. sentence 3mo longer today

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3
Q

Cost of prison ?

A

£36k

down 18% since 2009

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4
Q

E&W comparative imprisonment rate (to Europe) ?

A

147/100k
Highest in W. Europe
(Scotland: 143/100k; N.I.: 78/100k)

E&W have 2x as many indeterminate sentences as FRA, GER, ITA combined.

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5
Q

What % of world prison pop. are in the US ?

A

25% of world prisoners (but only 5% of world pop.)

1972: 300k prisoners
2016: 2.3mil

Highest incarceration rate in the world.

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6
Q

% of prisoners serving 4+ yrs (incl. indeterminate)

A

56% of total

incr. by 26k since 1993

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7
Q

Prisoners serving indeterminate sentences?

A

11.5k
(64% = life sentence)
(36% serving an IPP)

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8
Q

% of prisoners serving IPP past tariff expiry date?

A

81%

avg. = 44mo beyond tariff

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9
Q

% of people entering prison w ≤6mo sentence?

A

48%

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10
Q

% of prisoners who ran away from home as child

A

47% of males; 50% of females

compared to 10% of gen. pop.

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11
Q

% of prisoners taken into care as child

A

+25%

compared to 2% of gen. pop.

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12
Q

% of prisoners w convicted family member

A

43%

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13
Q

% of prisoners w convicted family member who’d been in prison?

A

35%

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14
Q

% prisoners unmarried pre-custody?

A

81%

double the gen. pop.

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15
Q

% of prisoners divorced since imprisonment?

A

10%

double the gen. pop.

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16
Q

% of young male offenders who are fathers?

A

25%

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17
Q

% of women living at home w dependent children at time of custody?

A

20%

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18
Q

Proportion of prisoners excluded from school?

A

1/2 of males; 1/3rd of females

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19
Q

Proportion of prisoners w/o qualifications?

A

1/2 of males; 7/10 females

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20
Q

Prisoners’ numeracy, writing & reading skills (vs. level expected of 11yro)

A

Numeracy: 2/3 (±66%)
Reading: 50%
Writing: 82%

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21
Q

% prisoners unemployed in 4wks before custody?

A

2/3rds

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22
Q

% of prisoners w 2+ mental disorders?

A

70%

Gen. Pop. = 5% men; 2% women

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23
Q

Prisoners’ likelihood to abuse drugs/alcohol?

A

Far more likely than gen. pop.

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24
Q

% of prisoners in receipt of benefits immediately pre-custody?

A

75%

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25
Q

Link b/w prison numbers and crime levels?

National Audit Office

A

No consistent correlation.

*same int’l findings: Seppala (2015)

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26
Q 
# of deaths in prison ?
(March 2015-2016)
A

290

= highest number on record

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27
Q 
# of fires in E&W prisons?
(2015)
A

1935 fires (160/mo) = 57% incr.

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28
Q

Rates of self-harm in E&W prisons?

2015

A

+32,300 = highest ever recorded

40% incr. in 2 yrs

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29
Q

% of adult reconviction w/in 1yr of release?

A

46%

- Those serving ≤12mo = 60%

30
Q

Most at risk of self-harm in prison pop. ?

A
  1. Indeterminate sentences for IPP.
    (550 incidents of 1000 serving an IPP)
  2. Women = 23% of all self-harm incidents
    (represent only 5% of total prison pop).
31
Q

Risk of self-harm - women v. men?

A

2016: women = 23% of all incidents (down from 1/3rd in 2011)
(only 5% of total prison pop).
* but also reflects sharp rise in men incidents

32
Q

10yr trend of deaths from natural causes in prison ?

A

Nearly doubled.

Avg. age = 56yrs

33
Q

General rates of prison violence ?

A

Rising sharply since 2012.

Serious assaults more than doubled in 3yrs

34
Q

% of prisoners homeless OR w/o permanent accommodation pre-custody?

A

15% and 33%, respectively

35
Q

Effectiveness of short prison sentences vs CommPens on reoffending?

A

7% higher reoffending rate (+ more crimes committed) for short prison sentences (<12mo)

36
Q

% of under-18s reconvicted w/in 1yr?

A

+68%

37
Q 
# of people remanded to prison pre-trial?
(2015)
A

40.5k

38
Q

% of people remanded accused of non-violent offences?

A

60%

17% theft; 10% drugs

39
Q

% of current prison pop on remand?

A

12% of total (10k)

68% await trial; rest await sentence

40
Q

% of self-inflicted deaths by prisoners on remand?

2015

A

2/5

41
Q

% of women reconvicted w/in 1yr of release?

A

48%

77% if served 11+ previous custodial sentences

42
Q

Economic cost of reoffending?

A

£9.5-13/yr
(3/4 can be attributed to former short-sentenced prisoners)

(National Audit Office)

43
Q

% of ROTL completed successfully?

A

99.95%

44
Q

Reduction of ROTL use ?

A

-37% (due to new restrictions)

45
Q

% of prisoners overcrowded?

A

> 25%

over half of E&W prisons overcrowded

46
Q

Overcrowding in private v public prisons ?

A

Private have higher % of overcrowding than public ever year since 2000

47
Q

NOMS budget reduction since 2010-2011?

A

Reduced by nearly 25%

savings of £900m

48
Q

% of prisons “of concern” or “of serious concern” ?

A

24%

dbl. since 2012

49
Q

Male to female prisoners?

A

95% men; 5% women

50
Q

of under-18s entering YJS ?

A

82% fall (2007-2015)

Taylor Report

51
Q

of C/YAs in custody?

A 
under-18s = 900
18-20s = 4.7k

= 67% decrease (2007-2015)
(Taylor Report)

52
Q

% of C/YAs reoffending w/in 1yr of release?

A

69%

53
Q

% of children in prison w absent parents?

A

75% w/o father

1/3 w/o mother

54
Q

% of children in prison on child protection register OR experienced neglect/abuse?

A

40%

55
Q

Rates of women imprisonment ?

A

3.8k

nearly tripled b/w 1993-2005

56
Q

% of women in prison sentenced for non-violent offence?

A

85%

42% for theft/handling stolen goods

57
Q

% of women entering prison serving ≤6mo ?

A

61%

in 1993: 1/3rd

58
Q

% of women prisoners reporting abuse as child?

A

53% women

27% men

59
Q

% of women prisoners reporting domestic abuse history ?

A

46%

60
Q

s of children affected by parental imprisonment?

A

200k children in E&W had parent in prison during 2009

more than double children affected by divorce

61
Q

of children separated from moms by prison?

A

> 17.2k (in 2010)

62
Q

% of women in prison est’d to have 1+ dependent children?

A

13-20%

63
Q

Effect of parental imprisonment on children’s risk ?

A

300% risk for antisocial/delinquent behavior

Farrington 2008

64
Q

Avg. distance b/w women’s prisons and their families?

A

60mi (but many held further)

–> makes visiting difficult/expensive

65
Q

% of women in prison who are foreign nationals ?

A

13%

66
Q

% of prison population BAME?

A

26% (55/10k of pop’n)
(v. 14% of gen. pop.)

Equality & Human Rights Comm’n: UK more disproportionate than in the US

67
Q

% of black prisoners?

A

10%

v. 2.8% of gen. pop.

68
Q

% of Muslim prisoners?

A

15% of prison pop.

doubled b/w 2002-2016

69
Q

% prisoners in receipt of mental health treatment in yr before custody ?

A

16% men; 26% women

70
Q

% prisoners reporting symptoms indicative of psychosis ?

A

15% men; 25% women

vs. 4% in general public

71
Q

% of women prisoners reporting suicide attempt at some point in life?

A

46%

men prisoners = 21%; gen. pop. = 6%

72
Q

Suicide rates in custody ?

A

120/100k people

gen. pop. = 10.8/120k people

CSPS (9 decks)

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