General Prisons 1 Flashcards
Who coined ‘culture of control’ ?
Garland (2001) - Late 20th c. - Ideas about crime control, ‘dangerous’ offenders, new techniques for management of risk. - ‘all-pervasive managerialism’
Who discusses the ‘risk society’ ?
Coined: Beck (1992) Theory: Giddens (1993)
What is the ‘risk society’
Managerialist risk-management culture - Crime no longer ‘accepted’ as a ‘normal’ but now evil and must be ‘combatted’ –> in US, ‘war on crime’ - Economic and managerialist jargon (eg ‘cost-effective’) Giddens (1993) Pre-modern societies relied upon expressive forms of punishment Modern societies create ‘humanitarian, bureaucratic and progressive criminal justice strategies Late modern societies create volatile, highly politicised, managerialist criminal justice strategies
% of crime proceeded w by police or CPS (est.) ?
3%
What are the 3 trends/implications of risk society ?
(1) the ‘preventive turn’ but paradoxical overreliance on sentencing (2) justifies selective response to offending (3) separate sentencing framework for offenders too ‘risky’ (justified by public protection)
Evidence of ‘risk’ language in legislation/programmes ?
Criminal Justice Act (CJA) 2003 - first time used ‘Dangerous offenders’ - created term ‘dangerousness’ NOMS Statement of Purpose (2015) - ‘provide offender management services’ - ‘ensure best value for money’ - ‘deliver punishment’
What was the Woolf Report (1991) ?
by Lord Woolf –> justice must accompany prisoners into their cells and ensure prisoners + staff feel it is ‘fair and just’ Balance b/w 3 reqs. for stable prison system (1) security (2) control (3) justice SUM (1) = oblig. of the Prison Service to prevent prisoners escaping (2) = oblig. of the Prison Service to prevent prisoners being disruptive (3) = oblig. of the Prison Service to treat prisoners with humanity and fairness, and to prepare them for their return to the community in a way which makes it less likely that they will reoffend
What is the purpose of prisons in the new Prison & Courts Bill?
Justice Sec’y Liz Truss’ new bill: “prisons must aim to— (a) protect the public, (b) reform and rehabilitate offenders, (c) prepare prisoners for life outside prison, and (d) maintain an environment that is safe and secure. **Conspicuously absent: no mention of punishment
Who are the advocates of ‘prison as punishment, not for punishment’ ?
1920s: Prison Commissioner Paterson famously argued that offenders ‘come to prison as punishment not for punishment’ 2015: Sec’y Justice Gove adopted Paterson’s view. 2015: NOMS Chief Exec approved Gove’s view 2017: Sec’y Justice Truss’ Prison & Courts bill drops punishment as ‘purpose’ –> and defends it publicly.
What was Martin Luther King Jr’s famous saying about justice ?
justice delayed is justice denied’ (context of always being told to ‘wait’/’not now’)
Trends in use of CommPens, Custody, and Fines since mid-1990s ?
- CommPens and Custody went UP - Fines went DOWN
of public and private prisons ?
105 public (±82% of prisoners) 14 private (July 2015)
of women’s prisons ?
12 (2 private)
Proportion of overcrowded prisons ?
2/3rds
% of prisoners overcrowded?
> 25% (over half of E&W prisons overcrowded)
% of prisons “of concern” or “of serious concern” ?
24% (dbl. since 2012)
NOMS budget reduction since 2010-2011?
(savings of £900m)
Overcrowding in private v public prisons ?
Private have higher % of overcrowding than public ever year since 2000
