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CSPS > Exam Overview - Sheet4 (1) > Flashcards

Exam Overview - Sheet4 (1) Flashcards

1
Q

10yr trend of deaths from natural causes in prison ?

A

Nearly doubled. Avg. age = 56yrs

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2
Q

Avg. distance b/w women’s prisons and their families?

A

60mi (but many held further) –> makes visiting difficult/expensive

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3
Q

Cost of prison ?

A

£36k (down 18% since 2009)

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4
Q

Economic cost of reoffending?

A

£9.5-13/yr (3/4 can be attributed to former short-sentenced prisoners) (National Audit Office)

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5
Q

Effectiveness of short prison sentences vs CommPens on reoffending?

A

7% higher reoffending rate (+ more crimes committed) for short prison sentences (<12mo)

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6
Q

Effect of parental imprisonment on children’s risk ?

A

300% risk for antisocial/delinquent behavior (Farrington 2008)

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7
Q

E&W comparative imprisonment rate (to Europe) ?

A

147/100k Highest in W. Europe (Scotland: 143/100k; N.I.: 78/100k) E&W have 2x as many indeterminate sentences as FRA, GER, ITA combined.

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8
Q

General rates of prison violence ?

A

Rising sharply since 2012. Serious assaults more than doubled in 3yrs

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9
Q

Link b/w prison numbers and crime levels? (National Audit Office)

A

No consistent correlation. *same int’l findings: Seppala (2015)

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10
Q

Male to female prisoners?

A

95% men; 5% women

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11
Q

Most at risk of self-harm in prison pop. ?

A
  1. Indeterminate sentences for IPP. (550 incidents of 1000 serving an IPP) 2. Women = 23% of all self-harm incidents (represent only 5% of total prison pop).
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12
Q

NOMS budget reduction since 2010-2011?

A

Reduced by nearly 25% (savings of £900m)

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13
Q

% of adult reconviction w/in 1yr of release?

A

46% - Those serving ≤12mo = 60%

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14
Q

% of black prisoners?

A

10% (v. 2.8% of gen. pop.)

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15
Q

% of children in prison on child protection register OR experienced neglect/abuse?

A

40%

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16
Q

% of children in prison w absent parents?

A

75% w/o father 1/3 w/o mother

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17
Q

of children separated from moms by prison?

A

> 17.2k (in 2010)

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18
Q

% of current prison pop on remand?

A

12% of total (10k) (68% await trial; rest await sentence)

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19
Q

of C/YAs in custody?

A

under-18s = 900 18-20s = 4.7k = 67% decrease (2007-2015) (Taylor Report)

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20
Q

% of C/YAs reoffending w/in 1yr of release?

A

69%

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21
Q

of deaths in prison ? (March 2015-2016)

A

290 = highest number on record

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22
Q

of fires in E&W prisons? (2015)

A

1935 fires (160/mo) = 57% incr.

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23
Q

% of Muslim prisoners?

A

15% of prison pop. (doubled b/w 2002-2016)

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24
Q

% of people entering prison w ≤6mo sentence?

A

48%

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25
Q

% of people remanded accused of non-violent offences?

A

60% (17% theft; 10% drugs)

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26
Q

of people remanded to prison pre-trial? (2015)

A

40.5k

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27
Q

% of prisoners divorced since imprisonment?

A

10% (double the gen. pop.)

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28
Q

% of prisoners homeless OR w/o permanent accommodation pre-custody?

A

15% and 33%, respectively

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29
Q

% of prisoners in receipt of benefits immediately pre-custody?

A

75%

30
Q

% of prisoners overcrowded?

A

> 25% (over half of E&W prisons overcrowded)

31
Q

% of prisoners serving 4+ yrs (incl. indeterminate)

A

56% of total (incr. by 26k since 1993)

32
Q

% of prisoners serving IPP past tariff expiry date?

A

81% (avg. = 44mo beyond tariff)

33
Q

% of prisoners taken into care as child

A

+25% (compared to 2% of gen. pop.)

34
Q

% of prisoners w 2+ mental disorders?

A

70% (Gen. Pop. = 5% men; 2% women)

35
Q

% of prisoners w convicted family member

A

43%

36
Q

% of prisoners w convicted family member who’d been in prison?

A

35%

37
Q

% of prisoners who ran away from home as child

A

47% of males; 50% of females (compared to 10% of gen. pop.)

38
Q

% of prison population BAME?

A

26% (55/10k of pop’n) (v. 14% of gen. pop.) Equality & Human Rights Comm’n: UK more disproportionate than in the US

39
Q

% of prisons “of concern” or “of serious concern” ?

A

24% (dbl. since 2012)

40
Q

% of ROTL completed successfully?

A

99.95%

41
Q

% of self-inflicted deaths by prisoners on remand? (2015)

A

2/5

42
Q

of under-18s entering YJS ?

A

82% fall (2007-2015) (Taylor Report)

43
Q

% of under-18s reconvicted w/in 1yr?

A

0.68

44
Q

% of women entering prison serving ≤6mo ?

A

61% (in 1993: 1/3rd)

45
Q

% of women in prison est’d to have 1+ dependent children?

A

13-20%

46
Q

% of women in prison sentenced for non-violent offence?

A

85% (42% for theft/handling stolen goods)

47
Q

% of women in prison who are foreign nationals ?

A

13%

48
Q

% of women living at home w dependent children at time of custody?

A

20%

49
Q

% of women prisoners reporting abuse as child?

A

53% women (27% men)

50
Q

% of women prisoners reporting domestic abuse history ?

A

46%

51
Q

% of women prisoners reporting suicide attempt at some point in life?

A

46% (men prisoners = 21%; gen. pop. = 6%)

52
Q

% of women reconvicted w/in 1yr of release?

A

48% (77% if served 11+ previous custodial sentences)

53
Q

% of young male offenders who are fathers?

A

25%

54
Q

Overcrowding in private v public prisons ?

A

Private have higher % of overcrowding than public ever year since 2000

55
Q

% prisoners in receipt of mental health treatment in yr before custody ?

A

16% men; 26% women

56
Q

Prisoners’ likelihood to abuse drugs/alcohol?

A

Far more likely than gen. pop.

57
Q

Prisoners’ numeracy, writing & reading skills (vs. level expected of 11yro)

A

Numeracy: 2/3 (±66%) Reading: 50% Writing: 82%

58
Q

% prisoners reporting symptoms indicative of psychosis ?

A

15% men; 25% women (vs. 4% in general public)

59
Q

Prisoners serving indeterminate sentences?

A

11.5k (64% = life sentence) (36% serving an IPP)

60
Q

% prisoners unemployed in 4wks before custody?

A

2/3rds

61
Q

% prisoners unmarried pre-custody?

A

81% (double the gen. pop.)

62
Q

Prison Pop. (England & Wales, June 2016)

A

84,405 (exp. 90k by 2020)

63
Q

Prison pop. increase since 1993?

A

92% rise (incr. by 41k) (greater use of long sentences accounts for 66% of rise; avg. sentence 3mo longer today)

64
Q

Proportion of prisoners excluded from school?

A

1/2 of males; 1/3rd of females

65
Q

Proportion of prisoners w/o qualifications?

A

1/2 of males; 7/10 females

66
Q

Rates of self-harm in E&W prisons? (2015)

A

+32,300 = highest ever recorded (40% incr. in 2 yrs)

67
Q

Rates of women imprisonment ?

A

3.8k (nearly tripled b/w 1993-2005)

68
Q

Reduction of ROTL use ?

A

-37% (due to new restrictions)

69
Q

Risk of self-harm - women v. men?

A

2016: women = 23% of all incidents (down from 1/3rd in 2011) (only 5% of total prison pop). * but also reflects sharp rise in men incidents

70
Q

s of children affected by parental imprisonment?

A

200k children in E&W had parent in prison during 2009 (more than double children affected by divorce)

71
Q

Suicide rates in custody ?

A

120/100k people (gen. pop. = 10.8/120k people)

72
Q

What % of world prison pop. are in the US ?

A

25% of world prisoners (but only 5% of world pop.) 1972: 300k prisoners 2016: 2.3mil Highest incarceration rate in the world.

CSPS (9 decks)

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