Statistics in Surveying

Question 1

Formula for root-mean-squared error

Answer 1

RMSE=√(Σover i=1(xᵢ-x’ᵢ)² over n where i is each independent measurement

Question 2

Random Error Theory

Answer 2

Holds that Truly random errors will follow a pattern of normal distribution (Bell Curve)

Question 3

Standard Deviation formula

Answer 3

σ=√(Σover i=1(xᵢ-x’ᵢ)² over n-1 where i is each independent measurement

Question 4

Mean (average)

Answer 4

x̄=(Σxᵢ where i=1)/n where mean is x̄, i is each independent measurement, n is number of distinct measurements

Question 5

Median

Answer 5

The measurement where there are equal number of measurements above and below this value. If even number of measurements, average the middle two.