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@MY Anesthesia!! > STATISTICS > Flashcards

STATISTICS Flashcards

1
Q

variable that is presumed to cause a change in another variable

A

independent variable

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2
Q

categorical variable

A

RELIGION

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3
Q

interval data

A

corresponds to a NUMBER

1) DISCRETE
2) CONTINUOUS
opposite of categorical data

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4
Q

discrete?

A

even numbers ONLY (aka number of toes)

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5
Q

continuous?

A

constant scale….lots of decimal

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6
Q

categorical data types?

A

1) dichotomous
- male/female
- dead/alive
2) nominal
- no ranking; blue eyes
3) Ordinal
- ranked data, but NO consistent scale (ex - ASA class, but hard to quantify difference between them)

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7
Q

cannot use mean/median for which kind of data?

A

categorical data (eye color)

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8
Q

weakness for Mean?

A

outliers

symmetrical data

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9
Q

median useful for what kind of data?

A

Skewed data

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10
Q

can’t use mode with what sort of data?

A

continuous (too many decimal points, won’t have any repeating)

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11
Q

variance?

A

average of SQUARED deviations from the mean

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12
Q

easier than variance?

A

-standard deviation

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13
Q

standard deviation relates to variance how?

A

square root of variance

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14
Q

how much within 1 standard deviation of mean?

A

68%

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15
Q

how much within TWO standard deviations of mean?

A

95%

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16
Q

three SD?

A

99.7%

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17
Q

Probability ASSUMES:

A

-normal distribution

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18
Q

99% confidence interval has ____ range of values than 95% CI

A

LARGER (more confidence, larger range)

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19
Q

null hypoth: defendant is innocent

A

alternative: defendant is guilty

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20
Q

rejecting the null

A

the defendant is guilty

21
Q

TYPE 1 ERROR

A

false positive

convict when innocent
(you’re pregnant…as a male)

22
Q

how type 1 error relate to Null?

A

reject a TRUE Null

23
Q

type II error relate to null?

A

don’t reject false null

guilty but gets off

24
Q

statistical measure of the strength of the evidence?

A

P-value

25
Q

alpha is the probability of WHAT?

A

type 1 error

26
Q

if alpha is .05, what’s that mean?

A

5/100 chance a given result occurred purely by chance

27
Q

ways to DECREASE type 2 error?

A
  • increase alpha
  • increase sample size (MOST COMMON)
  • decrease sample variability
  • increase difference measured btwn the compared groups
28
Q

not noticing an error when one’s there?

A

type 2 error

29
Q

P-value is the likelihood of Type __ error?

A

Type 1

30
Q

parametric data (categorical things that u can measure) , use THIS test?

A

T-test
(comparing two different things):

ONE-SAMPLE:
-comparing different things on the same object

TWO-SAMPLE (unpaired)
-comparing something, but on two different objects

31
Q

ANOVA (analysis of variance) used for?

A

when many different tests performed, but would be too many samples and too much error

–puts all data into one number (F) and gives you one probability for the null hypothesis

32
Q

non-parametric data is what?

A

NOT NORMAL DISTRIBUTION

-or ordinal/categorical (eye color, ASA class)

33
Q

tests for non-parametric data?

A
  • Mann-whitney U test
  • Wilcoxon T-test
  • Kruskall Wallis H-test
  • Friedman x2 test
34
Q

Chi-square tests for?

A

TWO things are independent

35
Q

correlation analysis?

A

strength of relationship between variables (pos or neg)

36
Q

Regression analysis?

A

mathematical equation to describe relationships of variables

37
Q

R-square tells us?

A

Proportion of variability in Y accounted for by X

–aka, STRENGTH of relationship btw variables x&y

38
Q

R-square values?

A 
1 = perfect linear relationship
0 = no linear relationship
39
Q

multiple regression used when?

A

describe multiple independent variables are related to SINGLE dependent variable

40
Q

ANOVA

A

multiple variables, but CATEGORICAL data

41
Q

ODDs ratio:

A

corresponds to prob of event occurring vs not occurring

1 - more likely in first group

42
Q

RISK ratio

A

calculated same way as OR

43
Q

diff btw OR and RR?

A

OR = no implication of temporality of association;

RR = risk of developing one condition IF you have exposure

44
Q

OR uses what studies?

A

CASE CONTROL

45
Q

RR uses what studies?

A

COHORT studies

46
Q

PPV calc?

A

true pos test/all positive TESTS

47
Q

NPV calc?

A

true neg test/all neg TESTS

48
Q

sensitivity?

A

pos test with actual dz/total have dz

49
Q

specificity?

A

neg test and no dz/total neg dz

@MY Anesthesia!! (14 decks)

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