Endocrine Flashcards

1
Q

(started with slide 45)

Cortisol suppresses what as negative feedback?

A
  • Ant pit

- hypothal

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2
Q

stress causes increase in what hormone released by hypothal?

A

Corticotropin Releasing Factor (CRF)

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3
Q

adrenal glands sit where in relation to renal fascia?

A

INSIDE renal fascia

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4
Q

blood supply special about adrenal

A

greatest blood supply per gram of tissue of any organ

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5
Q

three blood supplies to adrenal

A

SUPRARENAL ARTERIES

1) superior (from infer phrenic a.)
2) middle (from aorta)
3) inferior (from renal a.)

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6
Q

blood FROM adrenals to?

A

L to L renal vv

R to IVC

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7
Q

what levels of spine do sympathetic nerve fibers come from to innervate ADRENAL MEDULLA?

A

T5-T11

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8
Q

what type of fibers are these? (pre/post)

A

PRE-ganglionic nn fibers

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9
Q

three things secreted by Adrenal Medulla?

A
  • Epi (80%)
  • NE (20%)
  • dopamine (small)
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10
Q

Adrenal CORTEX

three zones

A
  • glomerulosa
  • fasciculate (largest - 80%)
  • reticularis

GFR
salt, sugar, sex

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11
Q

produced in Glomerulosa

A

mineralocorticoids
–aldosterone
(regulate BP and electrolyte balance)

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12
Q

produced in Fasciculata?

A

Glucocorticoids
–cortisol
(reg metal and immune cyst suppression)

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13
Q

produced in reticularis?

A

Androgens

–converted to functional sex hormones in gonads

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14
Q

cortisol effects?

A
  • free water loss
  • glucoNEO
  • protein wasting
  • maintain BP and vasc tone
  • large doses BIND mineralocorticoid receptors
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15
Q

what does cortisol suppress?

A
  • ACTH from pituitary

- CRF from hypothal

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16
Q

how corticoids anti-inflame?

A

-lysosome stabilization
-maintain capillary integrity
(leukocyte response to local inflammation diminished)

17
Q

glucocorticoids in HIGH doses does what?

A

-mineralocorticoid effect

18
Q

aldosterone causes reabs of what? excretion of what?

A
  • reabs Na/H2O

- excrete K+ and H+

19
Q

PRIMARY adrenal insufficiency d/t what causes?

A
  • autoimmune
  • hemorrhage
  • infarcion
  • infection
20
Q

SECONDARY adrenal insuffic from?

A

exogenous steroids
(>7.5mg/day for >3wks)
-can suppress for YEAR!

21
Q

sxs of adrenal insuffic?

A
  • weak, fatigue, anorexia, n/v, flank pain

- fever, AMS, dehydration

22
Q

WHAT TEST for adrenal insuffic?

A
  • have LOW cortisol

- ACTH stim test gives NO response

23
Q

electrolyte abnormals for Adrenal insuff?

A
  • low Na
  • low gluc
  • HIGH K+
24
Q

excess steroids known as?

A

CUSHING syndrome

-fat trunks, thin extremities

25
COMMON cause of cushings?
Ant pit micro-adenoma (get bilateral adrenal hyperplasia)
26
dx of cushings with?
- Dex suppression test - ACTH level - urinary 24h
27
Primary hyperaldosteronism?
- hypertension (diast) - HYPOkalemia - alkalosis - skel mm weak -NO EDEMA
28
lab dx for prim hyperaldost?
aldost/renin ratio | renin levels disting primary from secondary
29
Tx for PRIMARY hyperaldost?
Spironolactone - -aldost antag - -replete K - -restrict Na
30
MAIN part of pancreas is which part?
EXOCRINE | acinar cells