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Science > Static Electricty > Flashcards

Static Electricty Flashcards

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1
Q

Electric Charge

A

A form of charge, either positive or negative, that exerts an electric force.

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2
Q

Pith-Ball Electroscope

A

An electroscope used in physics education to indicate the presence and strength of an electric charge in an object.

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3
Q

Metal Leaf Electroscope

A

Consists of a vertical metal rod from the end of which hang two parallel strips of thin and flexible metal. Used to indicate the presence and strength of an electric charge in an object.

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4
Q

Electric Force

A

The force exerted by an object with an electric charge; can be a force of attraction or a force of repulsion.

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5
Q

Electrostatics

A

The study of stationary electric charges or fields as opposed to electric currents.

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6
Q

Electric Discharge

A

The rapid transfer of electric charge from one object to another.

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7
Q

Conductor

A

A material that lets electrons move easily through it.

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8
Q

Induced Charge Separation

A

A shift in the position of electrons in a neutral object that occurs when a charged object is brought near it.

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9
Q

Insulator

A

A material that does not easily allow the movement of electrons through it.

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10
Q

Electrostatic series

A

A list of materials arranged in order of their tendency to gain electrons. Used to predict the charge (negative or positive) on objects that are rubbed together. The material that is higher on the list will lose electrons, materials that are lower on the list will gain electrons

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11
Q

When does static electricity occur?

A

When there is a build up of electric charge on the surface of a material

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12
Q

Why is it called static electricity?

A

Because the charges don’t move.

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13
Q

Law of Electric Charges

A
  • Objects that have like charges repel
  • Objects that have opposite charges attract each other
  • Neutral objects are attracted to charged objects due to induced charge separation
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14
Q

3 ways in which an object can be charged

A
  1. Friction
  2. Contact
  3. Induction
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15
Q

Review diagrams for charging by contact

A

Look in photos

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16
Q

Charging by friction

A
  • The action of rubbing or friction removes loosely held electrons from atoms
  • protons cannot be removed by friction
  • when two materials are rubbed together electrons move from one to the other
  • one material gains electrons (becomes negative) and the other material loses electrons (has a positive charge)
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17
Q

Examples of charging by friction

A
  • balloon rubbed with wool sweater

- hair brushed with plastic comb

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18
Q

Charging by contact

A
  • in order to charge by contact there must be a difference in the amount of charge already on the two objects
  • one object must be electrically charged and the other may or may not be already charged
  • the charge from one object is transferred to the other object (often shock is produced)
  • that shock is the jumping of electrons from one object to the other (a mini lightning strike)
  • after charging by contact the charge on both objects is this SAME
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19
Q

Examples of charging by contact

A
  • Touching your little brother after walking across a carpet

- ebonite rod and pith ball

20
Q

Grounding

A

The process of removing an electric charge, either positive or negative, from an object

Involves the transfer of electrons between the charged object and a large neutral object such as the earth.

21
Q

Review the symbol for grounding

A

In photos

22
Q

Charging by induction

A
  • can be temporary or permanent
  • when a charged object is brought close to a neutral object, causing the electrons in the neutral object to shift in position
  • this creates an induced charge separation
23
Q

Review information and diagrams on temporarily and permanently charging by induction

A

In photos

24
Q

Electrical insulator

A

A substance in which electrons cannot move freely from atom to atom

25
Q

Describe and explain insulators

A

In an insulator, if an atom becomes negatively charged (has more electrons than protons), the extra electrons stay on that atom and don’t spread to other atoms until removed by a material that exerts a stronger attractive force on them.

26
Q

How do we depend on insulators

A

They prevent us from ekectrical shock (and electrocution) when we plug in electrical devices such as toasters and hair dryers.

27
Q

Example of charging by induction

A

Balloon sticking to a wall

28
Q

Examples of insulators

A

Wood furniture, rubber

29
Q

Describe and explain conductors

A

If an atom becomes negatively charged the electrons repel each other and move from atom to atom along the conductor as long as the electrons have somewhere to go (EX. into the ground) the conductor will remain uncharged

30
Q

Example of a conductor

A

Water tap

31
Q

Information about electric discharge

A
  • Sometimes creates a spark

- Lightning is an electric discharge

32
Q

How many thunderstorms are occurring throughout the world at any given time?

A

2000

33
Q

How many lightning strikes are generated every second? Daily?

A

100 strikes/second

8 million strikes/day

34
Q

What type of process is lightning?

A

Natural

35
Q

Electric charges are exchanged between what during lightning?

A

The atmosphere and earth

36
Q

A fire destroyed what airship? Why did this fire happen?

A

A fire destroyed the airship Hindenburg. This fire was caused by an electrical discharge that ignited the highly flammable coating.

37
Q

What are the methods in which electrical charges are continuously removed from the Earth’s surface?

A

Evaporation of water

Production of exhaust gases.

38
Q

Huge numbers of negative charges tend to concentrate where?

A

Near the bottom of thunderclouds

39
Q

When a cloud is close to a tall object what happens?

A

The negative charge in the cloud is returned to the ground in a huge spark called lightning.

40
Q

Lightning moving towards the ground is cause by what?

A

The charges moving along the path of least resistance in the air

41
Q

The charges in thunderclouds are more likely to move toward what?

A

The tallest objects especially if they are made of metal because it shortens the path to the ground.

42
Q

Static Electricity

A

An imbalance of electric charge on the surface of an object.

43
Q

What does a lightning rod consist of?

A

A pointed metal rod attached to the highest part of a building and a thick copper wire or conductor running from the rod to the ground

44
Q

2 kinds of protection lightning rods provide

A
  1. Help prevent lightning from striking

2. If lightning does strike, it helps direct the charge through the conductor to the ground

45
Q

Where is a safe place to be in a storm? Why?

A

A car is a safe place to be during a storm because the car’s body is a metal conductor and the outside is wet, both of which help the electric charge to cross easily to the ground.

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