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Science > Current Electricity > Flashcards

Current Electricity Flashcards

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1
Q

Electric current

A

Electrons flowing through a circuit generating electricity

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2
Q

Current electricity

A

The controlled flow of electrons through a conductor

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3
Q

Electric circuit

A

A continuous path in which electrons can flow

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4
Q

Source

A

The resources for electric power (EX. electric cell, three-cell battery, DC power supply, etc.)

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5
Q

Load

A

The part of an electric circuit that converts electrical energy into other forms of energy (EX. lamp, electric motor, etc.)

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6
Q

Control device

A

The part of an electric circuit that controls the energy flow from the source to the load (EX. a switch)

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7
Q

Direct current (DC)

A

A flow of electrons in one direction through an electric circuit

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8
Q

Alternating current (AC)

A

A flow of electrons that alternates in direction in an electric circuit

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9
Q

Series circuit

A

A circuit in which the loads are connected end to end so that there is only one path for electrons to flow

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10
Q

Parallel circuit

A

A circuit in which the loads are connected by branches so that there are two or more paths for electrons to flow

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11
Q

Conductor

A

A material that lets electrons move easily through it (EX. silver, copper, etc.)

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12
Q

Insulator

A

A material that does not easily allow the movement of electrons through it (EX. plastic, rubber, etc.)

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13
Q

Current (I)

A

A measure of the rate of electron flow past a given point in a circuit; measured in amperes (A)

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14
Q

Potential difference (voltage) (v)

A

The difference in electrical potential energy per unit charge measured at two different points; measured in volts

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15
Q

Resistance (R)

A

The ability of a material to oppose the flow of electric current; measured in ohms (Ω)

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16
Q

Primary cell

A

An electric cell that may only be used once

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17
Q

Secondary cell

A

An electric cell that can be recharged

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18
Q

Watt

A

The unit of measurement for electrical, one watt is equal to one Joule per second
(W=J/s)

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19
Q

Kilowatt-hour (KW-h):

A

The SI (metric) unit for measuring electrical energy usage; the used of one kilowatt of power for one hour

20
Q

Efficiency

A

Comparison of the energy output of a device with the energy supplied

21
Q

What do simple electric circuits typically contain

A

An energy source, a load, conducting wires and sometimes, a switch

22
Q

Points about electrical energy

A
  • electrical energy is measured in joules (J)
  • electrical devices use electrical energy to do work
  • work occurs when one form of energy is converted into another form of energy
23
Q

Examples of sources of electrical energy

A
  • batteries

- electric generating stations

24
Q

Advantages of hydro-electric dams

A
  • will never run out of this electricity source
  • many possible locations for generating stations
  • small-scale hydro-electric projects are in good shape
25
Q

Disadvantages of hydro-electric dams

A
  • dams change the way water flows
  • changes ecology of a watershed
  • land may become flooded
  • disrupts fish migration
  • blocks salmon from reaching spawning grounds
  • costs are high for both consumers and construction/operation
26
Q

Review all photos

A

In iPhoto’s

27
Q

What is current electricity

A

Electric charge that is moving (the electrons are flowing from one atom to the other atom)

28
Q

What is a moving charge called

A

Electric current

29
Q

What is an electric circuit

A

A controlled path through which electric current passes; used to convert electrical energy into other forms of energy

30
Q

Ammeter

A

A device used to measure electric current

must be connected in series

31
Q

Voltmeter

A

A device used to measure potential difference (voltage)

must be connected in parallel with the load

32
Q

Ohmmeter

A

A device used to measure resistance

must be connected in parallel with the load

33
Q

Factors that affect resistance

A
  1. Type of material
  2. Cross sectional area
  3. Length
  4. Temperature
34
Q

Type of material

A

The ability of a material to conduct electricity (how freely electrons can move)

35
Q

Cross sectional area

A

Thicker wires have less internal resistance (electrons have more room to move)

36
Q

Length

A

Longer wires have more resistance (electrons have to travel through more material)

37
Q

Temperature

A

When the temperature increases, vibrations increase causing more collisions with electrons and more resistance

38
Q

Resistor

A

A device that reduces the flow of electric current

Symbol in photos

39
Q

Examples of resistors

A
  • lamps with more than one setting
  • dimmer switches in the wall
  • volume controls on a stereo
40
Q

Ohm’s law definition

A

The straight-line relationship between voltage and current

41
Q

What is ohms law

A

As the potential difference (v) across a load increases, so does the current

42
Q

Formula for ohm’s law

A

R=V/I

Looks in photos

43
Q

Grass method

A 
Given 
Required
Apply equation 
Solution 
Statement
44
Q

Loads in series

A

More loads, more resistance, less current

More identical lamps connected in series means less of an electron’s electric potential energy gets converted into heat and light

45
Q

Loads in series formula

A

Look in photos

V= V source/# of loads

46
Q

Loads in parallel

A

More loads, more paths electrons have to follow

47
Q

Loads in parallel formula

A

I Load= I source/# of loads

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