States Questions—Advanced Flashcards
What battle is being described in the following lines as recounted by Cassius Dio in the Historia Romana: “Such was the naval battle in which they engaged on the second of September, Caesar Augustus, now for the first time, held all the power alone.” Name that naval battle, which is regarded by some as the endpoint of the Roman Republic.
(BATTLE / WAR OF) ACTIUM
B1: To what brilliant military mind did Octavian entrust the command of his fleet during the Battle of Actium, which was waged against Marcus Antonius and Cleopatra VII?
(M. VIPSANIUS) AGRIPPA
B2: Name one of the other two admirals who commanded the other two flanks of
Octavian’s navy, pinning in the combined fleet of Antonius and Cleopatra in the bay of Actium.
(L.) ARRUNTIUS // (M.) LURIUS (OCTAVIAN)
The revolt of Sacrovir and Florus, the uprising of Tacfarinas, and the machinations of Sejanus were all threats to the Roman Empire during which Julio-Claudian’s reign?
TIBERIUS
B1: What general ultimately put down the revolt of the Numidian chieftain Tacfarinas in 24 AD?
(P. CORNELIUS) DOLABELLA
B2: In 283 BC, another Publius Cornelius Dolabella put down a major threat to Rome when he defeated the combined forces of the Etruscans, Senones, and Boii at what battle, 50 miles outside of Rome?
LAKE VADIMO
What minister of Hyrcanus II was installed by lieutenants of Antony in 40 BC as king of Judaea?
HEROD (I)(the Great)
B1: Which of Antony’s generals retook Jerusalem from the Parthians and set up Herod?
(Gaius) SOSIUS
B2: Although unable to take control of Parthia Antony used this campaign to remove King Artavasdes from the throne of what kingdom?
ARMENIA
What consulstoically watched the execution of his two sons, Titus and Tiberius, after the two had been implicated in a conspiracy to reinstate Tarquinius Superbus on the throne?
(L. IUNIUS) BRUTUS
B1: Who was chosen as Brutus’ co-consul after he forced his first colleague to resign due to his ties to the Tarquins?
(P. VALERIUS) POPLICOLA / PUBLICOLA
B2: At what battle did Brutus meet his end when he and Tarquin the Proud’s son, Arruns, charged at each other on horseback and simultaneously speared each other?
SILVA ARSIA
Crixus was one of the co-leaders of what conflict with Rome, fought by Spartacus starting in 73 BC?
THIRD SERVILE WAR
B1: Which deputy of Marius put down Athenion and Salvius in the Second Servile War?
MANIUS AQUILIUS
B2: What two men were the leaders of the slaves in the First Servile War of 135-132?
CLEON and EUNUS
The Romans entered what war due in part to the appeals of Cephisodorus of Athens, Attalus I of Pergamum, and the rousing speech of the consul of 200 BC, Publius Sulpicius Galba, who declared that the Romans could either go to fight Philip V in Macedon, or wait and let him advance into Italy?
SECOND MACEDONIAN WAR
B1: What city-state also appealed to Rome after banding with the kingdom of Pergamum in the fight against Philip when the king had made hostile ventures into Asia Minor in 201 BC?
RHODES
B2: The war would eventually come to an end following a resounding Roman victory at Cynoschepalae, afterwhich Philip was forced by what treaty to give up his holdings in Greece and Asia, as well as pay an indemnity?
TREATY OF TEMPE
Passing edicts against circumcision, renaming Jerusalem and turning it into a Roman colony, and building a temple to Jupiter on the ruins of the Old Temple, all prompted a general revolt of Jews
in Judaea against what Roman emperor?
HADRIAN
B1: Who was the leader of the Jewish rebels?
SIMON BAR COCHBA
B2: After the Romans defeated the Jewish Rebels, what did Hadrian rename the province?
SYRIA PALESTINA
What daughter of Titus Ollius was first married to the praetorian prefect Rufrius Crispinus, then a future emperor of 69 AD, and finally, the last of the Julio-Claudians, although, while pregnant with their second child, she was kicked to death by her husband in a fit of rage?
POPPAEA SABINA
B1: What name is shared by Nero and Poppaea’s daughter who died in infancy, as well as Nero’s first wife?
CLAUDIA [DO NOT ACCEPT OCTAVIA OR AUGUSTA]
B2: Following Poppaea’s brutal death, Nero took a liking to what youth, who supposedly resembled his deceased wife?
SPORUS
According to Suetonius, Nero employed a woman named Locusta to poison what step-sibling in 55 AD?
BRITANNICUS
B1: Locusta, Halotus, and Xenophon were all implicated in whose assassination in 54 AD?
CLAUDIUS
B2: Locusta, along with many of Nero’s other close associates were executed by which successor of Nero in 69 AD?
GALBA
Who was granted the first Senatus Consultum Ultimum in 121 BC to combat the perceived threat of Gaius Gracchus?
L. OPIMIUS
B1: What consul of 125 and ally of Gracchus was also killed under this Senatus Consultum Ultimum?
M. Fulvius FLACCUS
B2: Where had Gracchus and Flaccus tried to set up a colony through the lex Rubria?
CARTHAGE/JUNONIA
What ruler led an attack on Rome following the defeat of the towns of Caenina, Antemnae, and Crustumium, and successfully took the Capitoline Hill after bribing a Vestal Virgin to let his forces into the city, all of which occurred in retaliation to the “Sabinae Raptae”?
TITUS TATIUS
B1: What Sabine commander’s name has been applied to the battle that took place in
Rome, which only ended when the women of the opposing sides threw themselves between the battle lines, suing for peace?
(METTIUS) CURTIUS
B2: Following the peace treaty between the Romans and Sabine, Titus Tatius became the co-ruler of Rome with Romulus. However, it was rumored that the latter played a part in the Sabine ruler’s murder at what legendary city, founded by an ancestor of the Roman race?
LAVINIUM
Ecnomus, Lilybaeum, Bagradas Valley, Drepana, and Aegates Islands were all battles in what war?
FIRST PUNIC WAR
B1: What Spartan mercenary helped lead the Carthaginians in the destruction of a Roman army at Bagradas Valley?
XANTHIPPUS
B2: Who were the Roman and Cathaginian commanders at Drepana?
CLAUDIUS PULCHER and ADHERBAL
What city was the first city on the Italian peninsula to be sacked by Attila the Hun, and was the site of the deaths of two emperors Constantine II in 340 AD, and Maximinus Thrax in 238 AD?
AQUILEIA
B1: The accession by the Senate of what two men to the imperial throne prompted
Maximinus Thrax to invade Italy, thus leading to his death at Aquileia?
BALBINUS and PUPIENUS
B2: Constantine II had died in Aquileia trying to take territory from which of his
brothers?
CONSTANS (I)
Removal of the priveleges of the Vestal Virgins, confiscations of pagan temples and shrines, and the removal of the statue of Victory from the Curia in 382 AD prompted general protest in Rome
against what emperor?
GRATIAN
B1: What general in Britain was declared emperor by his troops in 383, leading to a separate Western Empire in Britain and Gaul until 388?
MAGNUS MAXIMUS
B2: Due to Maximus’ war with Theodosius and Valentinian, what Germanic peoples invaded northern Gaul in 388 under their leader Marcomer?
FRANKS
The dictator, Aulus Postumius Albinus, along with proported divine intervention, led the Romans to victory at what 496 BC battle?
LAKE REGILLUS
B1: What son-in-law of Tarquinius Superbus led the Latin League at the battle?
OCTAVIUS MAMILIUS
B2: After the battle to what city in Campania did Tarquinius Superbus go, where he eventually died in 495?
CUMAE
What praetorian prefect became emperor with the death of Gordian III in 244 AD?
PHILIP THE ARAB
B1: Gordian had been on campaign against what Parthian king when he died under mysterious circumstances?
SHAPUR I
B2: What Pannonian officer in turn supplanted Philip?
DECIUS
Whose revolt in Africa was instigated by Calvia Crispinilla, which saw the blocking of the grain supply in 66 AD, making the emperor Nero “go bust”?
CLODIUS MACER
B1: What man’s decapitated head, whose bust is labeled A, was recovered by his steward Argivus and buried by the Via Aurelia?
GALBA
B2: What deity, shown by bust B, was Galba supposedly able to claim descendance from?
JUPITER
Which of the following five battles was not a victory for the Carthaginians in the early years of the Second Punic War: Trebia River, Lake Trasimene, Cannae, Dertosa, Ticinus River.
DERTOSA
B1: What two generals were victorious at Dertosa?
GNAEUS & PUBLIUS SCIPIO
B2: Near what ancient river, the modern Gaudalquivir, did the Scipio brothers meet their end in battle in 211 BC, afterwhich Scipio Africanus took command of the army and led the Romans to victory in the war?
(UPPER) BAETIS
What people’s earliest rulers included Euric, Wallia, and Theodoric I, some of whom were more friendly to the Romans than others, but none of which caused more damage to the Empire than their first ruler, Alaric, who led the sacking of Rome in 410 AD?
VISIGOTHS [PROMPT ON “GOTHS”]
B1: Rome had last been sacked eight centuries prior by the Gallic forces of Brennus, the king of what tribe?
SENONES
B2: From 456-472 AD, what Visigoth essentially ruled the Western Roman Empire
through the use of puppet emperors?
RICIMER
What Barracks emperors immediately preceded and succeeded Decius?
PHILIP THE ARAB & TREBONIANUS GALLUS
B1: What Barracks emperors immediately preceded and succeeded Tacitus?
AURELIAN & FLORIANUS or PROBUS
B2: What Eastern emperors immediately preceded and succeeded Marcian?
THEODOSIUS II & LEO I
What law, which followed in the footsteps of a legislation of 339 BC which canceled the patrician right to veto the Comitia Tributa, in turn abolished the upper class’ right to block the legislations of the Concilium Plebis, while also making plebiscita binding on all citizens in 287 BC?
LEX HORTENSIA
B1: Name the consul who passed the aforementioned law of 339 BC.
(Q. PUBLILIUS) PHILO
B2: What office was Philo the first to hold as a plebeian in 337 BC?
PRAETOR
What military disaster was precipitated by the tribune Ateius Capito placing a curse on a Roman army as they set out for the East, where the troops of the Parthian general Surenas utterly destroyed the consular army of Marcus Licinius Crassus in 53 BC?
CARRHAE
B1: What future assassin of Julius Caesar managed to escape from the disaster at Carrhae?
(C.) CASSIUS (LONGINUS)
B2: Following the battle, the decapitated head of Crassus was brought before what
Parthian king who then used it as a prop in a play?
ORODES II
The capture of what Celtiberian fortress in 133 BC marked the end of the Spanish Wars?
NUMANTIA
B1: Who led the capture of the fort?
SCIPIO AEMILIANUS
B2: What future Numidian king’s experience in Aemilianus’ camp led to him to call Rome “urbem venalem et mature perituram, si emptorem invenerit”?
JUGURTHA
According to Claudius what king was originally named Mastarna?
SERVIUS TULLIUS
B1: Who was Servius Tullius’ mother, supposedly a captured Etruscan noblewoman?
OCRISIA
B2: According to some sources Servius Tullius instituted what festival in honor of the
household deities of the crossroads?
COMPITALIA
Who was the last emperor to be interred in the Mausoleum of Augustus in 98 AD?
NERVA
B1: Although Nerva had initially refused to execute the people responsible for the assassination of Domitian, what body forced Nerva to relent by beseiging him?
PRAETORIAN GUARD
B2: What former praetorian prefect and former governor of Egypt did Nerva hand over?
PETRONIUS SECUNDUS
One of the future Gordian emperors, the jurists Papinian and Ulpian, and the aged doctor Galen could all be found in the literary circle of what learned Syrian woman, the mother of two
Severan emperors?
JULIA DOMNA
B1: The Severan tondo, a piece of art which dates to c. 200 AD, features Domna and three other figures. Name the figure whose face has been erased on the piece of art, and give the reason for why their image was removed.
GETA & HE SUFFERED DAMNATIO MEMORIAE
B2: Domna’s husband Septimius Severus suprisingly revoked the damnatio memoriae of what previous emperor?
COMMODUS
What pirate queen of the Illyrians fought a one year war against Rome after a Roman envoy was murdered for insulting her?
TEUTA
B1: What Greek, who had betrayed Teuta, prosecuted the Second Illyrian War against the Romans?
DEMETRIUS OF PHAROS
B2: What event made the Romans make a quick settlement with the Illyrians, rather than fully conquering the territory?
SIEGE OF SAGUNTUM
Hadrian appointed a praefectus to oversee what program that had been instituted by Nerva or Trajan, which gave financial relief to Italian craftsmen and farmers who were finding it difficult to compete with growing provincial trade, and as a consequence could not provide for their families in the 2nd century?
ALIMENTA // ALIMENTARY PROGRAM
B1: Along with extending the Alimentary program, Antoninus Pius also made a special endowment for poor and orphaned Roman girls which was known as what?
PUELLAE FAUSTINIANAE // GIRLS OF FAUSTINA // FAUSTINA’S GIRLS
B2: Although almost certainly not his own idea, what 3rd century emperor extended the alimentary program to provide for the subsidization of teachers and scholars?
SEVERUS ALEXANDER
What honor was awarded only three times in Roman history, and required a Roman general to kill an enemy king in one on one combat, and take the king’s armor?
SPOLIA OPIMA
B1: Name any one of the three Romans who were awarded this honor.
ROMULUS / AULUS CORNELIUS COSSUS / MARCUS CLAUDIUS
MARCELLUS
B2: What grandson of a triumvir should have obtained this honor, but was denied it by Augustus?
MARCUS LICINIUS CRASSUS
Thanks to the intervention of the empress Eusebia, what member of the Constintinian dynasty was spared of the same fate as his half-brother Gallus, and eventually rose to the purple in 361 AD, a reign which saw the reopening of pagan temples and the legal toleration of all religions?
JULIAN (THE APOSTATE)
B1: Name Eusebia’s husband, a son of Constantine the Great, who fell ill and died while marching to fight Julian in the east, resulting in Julian’s immediate ascension.
CONSTANTIUS II
B2: Name Julian’s successor who reigned for less than a year because the fumes or a brazier ended his life prematurely.
JOVIAN
What Eastern Roman Emperor was killed in 378 AD at the Battle of Adrianople?
VALENS
B1: Who was the Gothic chieftain in charge of the army that defeated Valens?
FRITIGERN
B2: What brother of Valens was Western Roman Emperor at the time?
VALENTINIAN I
