States of Matters and Mixtures

Question 1

How are particles arranged in a solid?

Answer 1

The particles in solids move only by vibrating about a fixed position. This gives solids a fixed shape and means that they cannot flow like liquids.

Question 2

How are particles in a liquid arranged?

Answer 2

The particles in liquids are arranged randomly and are close together. They also move around with each other.

Question 3

How are particles in a gas arranged?

Answer 3

The particles in gases are widely spaced, randomly arranged, and fast in all directions.

Question 4

What is a soluble substance?

Answer 4

A soluble substance is a substance that can be dissolved. Soluble substances are aqueous (aq)

Question 5

What is an insoluble substance?

Answer 5

An insoluble substance is a substance that can not be dissolved. A precipitate is insoluble.

Question 6

What is a solute?

Answer 6

A substance that has dissolved in a liquid to make a solution.

Question 7

What is a filtrate?

Answer 7

A filtrate is a solution passing through a filter.

Question 8

What is the residue?

Answer 8

The residue is the material remaining in the filter after the mixture has passed through it.

Question 9

What is a solvent?

Answer 9

A solvent is a liquid in which a solute dissolves to make a solution.

Question 10

What is a solution?

Answer 10

A solution is formed when a substance has dissolved in a liquid.

Question 11

What method(s) would you use to separate large particle insoluble solids from a liquid?

Answer 11

Filtration

Question 12

What method(s) would you use to separate soluble salts from a solution?

Answer 12

Crystallisation

Question 13

What method(s) would you use to separate insoluble impurities from a salt solution?

Answer 13

Filtration and Crystallisation

Question 14

What is the Rf value?

Answer 14

The Rf (retardation factor) value is the ratio of the solute’s distance travelled to the solvent’s distance travelled.

Question 15

How do you calculate the Rf value?

Answer 15

Rf = Distance moved by spot/
Distance moved by solvent

Question 16

A liquid turns into a solid. What is this process called?

Answer 16

Condensation.

Question 17

In paper chromatography….
A: …..the solvent is the stationary phase
B:….the solvent is the mobile phase
C:…The solvent is the mixture of the substances being analysed.

Answer 17

B

Question 18

In which state of matter are the particles further apart?

Answer 18

Gas

Question 19

Is air a chemically pure substance?

Answer 19

No

Question 20

What is simple distillation?

Answer 20

Simple distillation is used to separate a solvent from a solution. It is useful for producing water from salt solution.

Question 21

What is fractional distillation?

Answer 21

Fractional distillation is used to separate different liquids from a mixture of liquids. It is useful for separating ethanol from a mixture of ethanol and water, and for separating different fractions from crude oil
.

Question 22

What is filtration?

Answer 22

Filtration is used to separate an
insoluble solid from a liquid. It is useful for separating sand from a mixture of sand and water, or
excess reactant from a solution.

Question 23

What is crystallisation?

Answer 23

Crystallisation is used to produce solid crystals from a solution. When the solution is warmed, some solvent evaporates, leaving a more concentrated solution behind.

Question 24

How do you do simple distillation?

Answer 24

1. Salty water is heated
2. The water vapour cools in the condenser and drips into a beaker
3. The water has condensed and is now in the beaker, the salt stays behind

Question 25

How do you do fractional distillation?

Answer 25

1. Water and ethanol solution is heated 2. The ethanol evaporates first, cools, then condenses 3. The water left evaporates, cools, then condenses

Question 26

How do you do filtration

Answer 26

1. One beaker contains a mixture of solid and liquid, and the other contains a funnel with filter paper 2. The solid and liquid mixture is poured into the filter funnel 3. The liquid drips through the filter paper but the solid particles are caught in the filter paper

Question 27

How do you do crystallisation?

Answer 27

1. A solution is placed in an evaporating basin and heated with a Bunsen burner. 2. The volume of the solution has decreased because some of the water has evaporated. Solid particles begin to form in the basin. 3. All the water has evaporated, leaving solid crystals behind.