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Chemistry > States of Matters and Mixtures > Flashcards

States of Matters and Mixtures Flashcards

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1
Q

How are particles arranged in a solid?

A

The particles in solids move only by vibrating about a fixed position. This gives solids a fixed shape and means that they cannot flow like liquids.

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2
Q

How are particles in a liquid arranged?

A

The particles in liquids are arranged randomly and are close together. They also move around with each other.

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3
Q

How are particles in a gas arranged?

A

The particles in gases are widely spaced, randomly arranged, and fast in all directions.

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4
Q

What is a soluble substance?

A

A soluble substance is a substance that can be dissolved. Soluble substances are aqueous (aq)

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5
Q

What is an insoluble substance?

A

An insoluble substance is a substance that can not be dissolved. A precipitate is insoluble.

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6
Q

What is a solute?

A

A substance that has dissolved in a liquid to make a solution.

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7
Q

What is a filtrate?

A

A filtrate is a solution passing through a filter.

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8
Q

What is the residue?

A

The residue is the material remaining in the filter after the mixture has passed through it.

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9
Q

What is a solvent?

A

A solvent is a liquid in which a solute dissolves to make a solution.

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10
Q

What is a solution?

A

A solution is formed when a substance has dissolved in a liquid.

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11
Q

What method(s) would you use to separate large particle insoluble solids from a liquid?

A

Filtration

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12
Q

What method(s) would you use to separate soluble salts from a solution?

A

Crystallisation

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13
Q

What method(s) would you use to separate insoluble impurities from a salt solution?

A

Filtration and Crystallisation

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14
Q

What is the Rf value?

A

The Rf (retardation factor) value is the ratio of the solute’s distance travelled to the solvent’s distance travelled.

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15
Q

How do you calculate the Rf value?

A

Rf = Distance moved by spot/
Distance moved by solvent

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16
Q

A liquid turns into a solid. What is this process called?

A

Condensation.

17
Q

In paper chromatography….
A: …..the solvent is the stationary phase
B:….the solvent is the mobile phase
C:…The solvent is the mixture of the substances being analysed.

A

B

18
Q

In which state of matter are the particles further apart?

A

Gas

19
Q

Is air a chemically pure substance?

A

No

20
Q

What is simple distillation?

A

Simple distillation is used to separate a solvent from a solution. It is useful for producing water from salt solution.

21
Q

What is fractional distillation?

A

Fractional distillation is used to separate different liquids from a mixture of liquids. It is useful for separating ethanol from a mixture of ethanol and water, and for separating different fractions from crude oil
.

22
Q

What is filtration?

A

Filtration is used to separate an
insoluble solid from a liquid. It is useful for separating sand from a mixture of sand and water, or
excess reactant from a solution.

23
Q

What is crystallisation?

A

Crystallisation is used to produce solid crystals from a solution. When the solution is warmed, some solvent evaporates, leaving a more concentrated solution behind.

24
Q

How do you do simple distillation?

A
  1. Salty water is heated
  2. The water vapour cools in the condenser and drips into a beaker
  3. The water has condensed and is now in the beaker, the salt stays behind
25
Q

How do you do fractional distillation?

A
  1. Water and ethanol solution is heated
  2. The ethanol evaporates first, cools, then condenses
  3. The water left evaporates, cools, then condenses
26
Q

How do you do filtration

A
  1. One beaker contains a mixture of solid and liquid, and the other contains a funnel with filter paper
  2. The solid and liquid mixture is poured into the filter funnel
  3. The liquid drips through the filter paper but the solid particles are caught in the filter paper
27
Q

How do you do crystallisation?

A
  1. A solution is placed in an evaporating basin and heated with a Bunsen burner.
  2. The volume of the solution has decreased because some of the water has evaporated. Solid particles begin to form in the basin.
  3. All the water has evaporated, leaving solid crystals behind.

Chemistry (5 decks)

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