States of Matter & Thermal Energy

Question 1

thermal conduction

Answer 1

the transfer of thermal energy that occurs when particles collide

Question 2

thermal equilibrium

Answer 2

the state in which the rates of thermal energy transfer between 2 objects are equal and the objects are at the same temperature

Question 3

heat

Answer 3

the transfer of thermal energy

Question 4

specific heat

Answer 4

the amount of energy that must be added to a unit mass of material to raise it by its temp one unit

Question 5

heat engine

Answer 5

a device that is able to continuously convert thermal energy to mechanical energy

Question 6

entropy

Answer 6

measure of dispersal energy, representing the unavailability of energy

Question 7

fluids

Answer 7

materials that can flow and have no definite shape of their own

Question 8

Define plasma and explain where it is found

Answer 8

• Plasma is the gas like state of negatively charged electrons and positively charged ions. It can be found in stars, human bodies, fluorescent light bulbs, and neon signs.

Question 9

What is the Heat equation? Identify all of the units.

Answer 9

Q = McΔt
Q -> heat in joules
M -> mass in Kg
c-> specific heat in J/Kg K
Δt -> temp in Kelvin

Question 10

What is the equation for pressure? Identify all of the units.

Answer 10

P = F/A
P -> pressure in pascals
F -> force in newtons
A -> area in m^2

Question 11

What is the difference between heat of fusion and heat of vaporization?

Answer 11

The heat of fusion is the amount of heat needed to change 1g of a solid to a liquid. The heat of vaporization is the amount of heat needed to change 1g of a liquid into vaporization.

Question 12

Explain the difference between conduction, convection,
& radiation

Answer 12

In conduction, heat transfer occurs between objects by direct contact. In convection, the heat transfer takes place within the fluid. In radiation, heat transfer occurs through electromagnetic waves without involving particles.

Question 13

When was the first steam engine built?

Answer 13

18th century

Question 14

When does entropy increase?

Answer 14

When temperature increases, thermal energy is added, & spontaneous events

Question 15

What happens to entropy in a system if thermal energy is removed?

Answer 15

Entropy decreases

Question 16

Name three things that use an internal combustion engine

Answer 16

Boats, cars, and airplanes

Question 17

What is the unit for heat, work, and energy

Answer 17

Joules

Question 18

What is generated in heat engines?

Answer 18

mechanical energy

Question 19

Which laws of thermodynamics states that in an uncontrolled system, when energy is able to disperse, the energy always spreads to a stable state?

Answer 19

the second law of thermodynamics

Question 20

Explain in a couple sentences how entropy and the energy crisis are related.

Answer 20

The energy crisis is the continued use of limited resources. When using a resource you do not use up all of its energy. The lack of usable energy is a surplus of entropy.

Question 21

Why does ice float?

Answer 21

Ice is less dense than water

Question 22

Explain the difference between cohesion and adhesion

Answer 22

Adhesion is the attraction between molecules of two different substances while cohesion is the attraction between molecules of the same substance

Question 23

Explain viscosity

Answer 23

A measurement of a fluid’s resistance to flow, the internal friction that slows fluid flow and dissipates mechanical energy. The result of intermolecular forces between particles within a fluid.

Question 24

Unit of specific heat

Answer 24

J/kg x K

Question 25

Heat

Answer 25

Q

Question 26

entropy

Answer 26

S

Question 27

Kelvin

Answer 27

K

Question 28

degree Celsius

Answer 28

° C

Question 29

energy change

Answer 29

Δe

Question 30

temperature change

Answer 30

Δt

Question 31

According to the second law of thermodynamics, natural processes go in the direction that ___ the total entropy of the system

Answer 31

maintains or increases

Question 32

The total increase in the thermal energy of a system is the heat added to it minus _____ the done by it

Answer 32

work

Question 33

A heat pump _____

Answer 33

transfers heat into and out of the house depending on the season

Question 34

The form of heat transfer that takes place in a house heated by forced air is primarily _____

Answer 34

convection

Question 35

Natural processes tend to move toward greater ___

Answer 35

order

Question 36

Pressure is the ratio of the force to the ____ it is applied

Answer 36

area

Question 37

A rock will sink in water because its ____ is greater than that of water

Answer 37

density

Question 38

The SI unit of pressure is the ___

Answer 38

pascal

Question 39

The difference in pressure between the top and bottom of a submerged object produces a force known as ____

Answer 39

buoyancy

Question 40

According to Pascal’s principle, any change on a confined fluid _____

Answer 40

is transmitted unchanged throughout the fluid

Question 41

A fluid is a substance that ____

Answer 41

has no definite shape

Question 42

As the temperature of a sample of liquid water is increased from a starting point of 1 degree C, the volume of the water initially _______

Answer 42

decreases

Question 43

The pressure exerted by a column of liquid is independent of the ____

Answer 43

shape of the container

Question 44

To convert celsius to kelvin

Answer 44

add 273.15 degrees

Question 45

To convert kelvin to celsius

Answer 45

subtract 273.15 degrees

Question 46

The first law of thermodynamics

Answer 46

energy or matter can not be created or destroyed

Question 47

the third law of thermodynamics

Answer 47

All processes cease as temperature approaches absolute zero

Question 48

Zeroth Law

Answer 48

If each of the two systems is in equilibrium with a third system, the first 2 are in equilibrium with each other