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Gravitation Flashcards

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1
Q

inertial mass

A

describes the amount of resistance an object has to any application of force

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2
Q

Kepler’s 2nd law

A

states that an imaginary line drawn between a planet and the Sun sweeps out equal areas in equal time periods (Meaning the speed of a planet increases as it nears the sun and decreases as it recedes)

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3
Q

If the _____ of an object is increased, the gravitational force in experiences will increases as a result

A

gravitational mass

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4
Q

The region around Earth in which objects experience a force due to Earth’s gravity is called the _______

A

gravitational field

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5
Q

______ suggests that objects attract other objects with a force that is proportional to the product of their masses and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them

A

Newton’s law of Universal Gravitation

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6
Q

Who was the first astronomer to propose that the Sun is the center of the solar system?

A

Nicholas Copernicus

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7
Q

Who believed that all planets except Earth orbit the sun?

A

Tycho Brahe

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8
Q

Who used huge instruments he built himself to record the exact positions of the planets and stars?

A

Tycho Brahe

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9
Q

Who used 30 years of observations made by other scientists and concluded that the planets orbit the sun?

A

Johannes Kepler

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10
Q

Who proposed that the force exerted on a planet by the Sun is inversely proportional to the distance between centers of the planet and the Sun?

A

Isaac Newton

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11
Q

Who discovered that the shape of a planet’s orbit is an ellipse?

A

Kepler

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12
Q

Who was the first to theorize that the force that makes objects fall to Earth is the same force that the sun exerts on the planets?

A

Newton

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13
Q

Who used geometry and mathematics to discover his 3 laws of planetary motion?

A

Kepler

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14
Q

Which Kepler Law relates the motion of more than one object about a single body?

A

Kepler’s 3rd Law

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15
Q

Which Kepler Law describes the shape of the planets’ orbits?

A

Kepler’s 1st Law

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16
Q

Which Kepler Law states that the Sun is located at one focus of a planet’s orbit?

A

Kepler’s 1st Law

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17
Q

Which Kepler Law uses the equation (Ta/Tb)^2 = (Ra/Rb)^3?

A

Kepler’s 3rd Law

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18
Q

Which Kepler Law states that an imaginary line drawn from a planet to the Sun will sweep out equal areas in equal time intervals?

A

Kepler’s 2nd Law

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19
Q
A
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20
Q

The shaded portions of Planet A’s orbit represent the area swept out by an imaginary line between the Sun and the planet between times t1 and t2 and between times t3 and t4. If the area of these shaded regions is equal, what must be true about the intervals t2 - t1 and t4 - t3?

A

t2 - t1 = t4 - t3

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21
Q

If you know the period of both Planets A and B, what other information would you need to determine Planet A’s average distance from the sun?

A

Planet B’s average distance from the sun

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22
Q

The gravitational field of the Sun exerts a force on Planet B. At which point on the orbit of Planet B is this force at its least? At which point is it greatest?

A

The force would be the least at the 3rd point. The force would be the greatest at the 1st point.

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23
Q

At point 3, Planet B is six times further from the Sun than it is at point 1. If the magnitude of the force exerted on Planet B by the gravitational field of the Sun at point 1 is F, what is the magnitude of the force at point 3?

A

1/36 of F.

F = !/r^2

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24
Q

If the period of Planet A is Ta and the period of Planet B is Tb and Planet A’s average distance from the Sun is Ta, write a formula that represent’s rb, Planet B’s average distance from the sun.

A

Rb = Cube Root of (Tb)^2(Ra)^3/(TA)^2

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25
Q

The mass of P is doubled

A

2F

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26
Q

The distance between the masses is doubled

A

1/4F

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27
Q

The mass of P is doubled and the mass of Q is tripled

A

6F

28
Q

The entire mass of the system is increased by a factor of 4

A

4F

29
Q

The distance between the masses is halved

A

4F

30
Q

Penitence

A

The action of feeling or showing sorrow and regret for having done wrong

31
Q

Renaissance

A

The rebirth of Europe, characterized by the rediscovery of classic lit., rebirth of art, and interest in all intellectual endeavors

32
Q

Heliocentricity

A

Having or representing the sun as the center, as in the accepted astronomical model of the solar system

33
Q

Geocentricity

A

Having or representing the Earth as the center

34
Q

Tabernacle

A

A fixed or movable habitation / A meeting place for worship used by some Protestants

35
Q

Paradigm

A

A typical example or pattern of something; a model

36
Q

Apoplexy

A

Unconsciousness or incapacity resulting from a stroke or cerebran hemorrhage

37
Q

Immutable

A

Unchanging over time or unable to be changed

38
Q

The motion of a projectile has both _______ and _______ componets

A

Horizontal, vertical

39
Q

A projectile fired horizontally will accelerate toward Earth at a rate of _____

A

9.80 m/s^2

40
Q

If the magnitude of the ______ component of a projectile’s motion is great enough, the projectile will fall to Earth at the same rate that Earth curves away from the projectile

A

horizontal

41
Q

A projectile fired horizontally from less than 150 km above the surface of Earth will fall back to Earth no matter how fast it is travelling because of ___________

A

air resistance

42
Q

An object that falls to Earth at the same rate that Earth curves away from the object is said to be in _______

A

orbit

43
Q

gravitational field

A

allows us to picture gravity acting at a distance

44
Q

general theory of relativity

A

predicts the effects of gravity

45
Q

curvature

A

the effect of mass on space

46
Q

einstein thought gravity was a _______

A

effect of space

47
Q

deflection

A

effect of gravity on light

48
Q

black hole

A

an object so dense that light leaving the object is bent back onto itself

49
Q

newton’s law of universal gravitation allows us to calculate the _______ force that exists between two bodies because of their mass

A

gravitational

50
Q

einstein proposed that gravity is not a _____ but rather an effect of ______ itself

A

force; space

51
Q

according to einstein the mass of a body changes the ____ around it

A

space

52
Q

___ causes space to be curved and other bodies are accelerated because of the way they follow this curved space

A

mass

53
Q

according to einstein’s theory of __________ if an object is massive and dense enough any light it emits is actually bent back to the object

A

general relativity

54
Q

difference of gravitational mass and inertial mass

A

inertial mass is measured by measuring an object’s resistance to change in velocity while gravitational mass describes the force on an object in a gravitational field / measures an object’s response to gravitational force

55
Q

einstein proposed that gravity is not a ______ but rather an effect of _______ itself

A

force; space

56
Q

what scientist developed an experiment to measure G, using lead spheres and a very thin wire? why was this experiment valuable?

A

Henry Cavendish, it was valuable because it was the first to yield accurate values for the gravitational constant. Made it so the force between any 2 objects could be calculated.

57
Q

Kepler’s 1st law

A

states that the paths of the planets are ellipses, with the sun at one focus

58
Q

Kepler’s 2nd law

A

states that an imaginary line from the sun to a planet sweeps out equal areas in equal time intervals

59
Q

Kepler’s 3rd law

A

states that the square of the ratio of the periods of any two planets revolving about the sun is equal to the cube of the ratio of their average distance from the sun

60
Q

difference of g and G

A

G is the gravitational constant and g is the acceleration due to gravity

61
Q

Value of the constant G

A

6.67x10^-11 m^3 kg^-1s^-2

62
Q

base units
F=
G=
mass=
length=
g=
velocity=
period,time=

A

N
M^3kg^-1s^-2
Kg
m
m/s
m/s 2
seconds for Newton’s, days for Kepler

63
Q

Major contributions of Copernicus

A
  • Proposed Heliocentricity
  • Wrote “The Revolutions”
  • Proved Earth is spherical
  • Earth rotates and revolves around the Sun
64
Q

Major contributions of Brahe

A

-proved that comets were moving objects in space
-showed irregularities in the moon’s orbit
- Found new stars CAN be created
Things orbit beyond the moon

65
Q

Major contributions of kepler

A

-three laws of planetary motion
-discovered that the planets travel about the sun in elliptical orbits
-invented a new type of telescope

66
Q

gravitational mass

A

gravitational mass describes the force on an object in a gravitational field / measures an object’s response to gravitational force

Physics (7 decks)

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