Physics Final Flashcards
To avoid parallax errors, laboratory instruments should be read…
at eye level
Which prefix denotes the smallest amount?
Nano
A hypothesis can be defined as a?
prediction
The equation y=ax^2 + bx + c illustrates which kind of relationship?
quadratic
how many sig figs are in the figure, 0.0005080
4
an object’s velocity is how fast it is moving and
which direction it is moving
the rate at which an object’s velocity changes is its
acceleration
which equation would you use to find Velocity
v = d/t
a force that is exerted without contact is a?
field force
Newton’s 3rd Law
every action has an equal but opposite reaction
interaction pair
two forces that are in opposite directions but have equal magnitudes
gravitational force
the attractive force that exists between all objects with mass
when you are riding in the car and your mom slams on the brakes, you lurch forward quickly and burn your neck on the seat belt. What are you experiencing?
inertia
what is the base unit for length (in the metric system)?
Meters
what should a scientist do if his conclusion does not match his original hypothesis
revise the original hypothesis
a device with very small divisions on its scale can measure with high
precision
particle model
a series of points that depicts an object in motion
the acceleration due to gravity on Earth (g) is?
9.8 m/s^2
which of the following results in the largest acceleration
a large change in velocity over a short time interval
if you are riding down the highway, and you close your eyes and feel as if you are NOT moving, you are experiencing what?
uniform motion
the net force on an object is equal to zero when that object is in
equilibrium
what is the weight of a 4.7 kg object on Earth
46.1
a 1.0 kg physics book is sitting on the table, motionless. What is the net force the book is experiencing?
F = ma (F = (1)(9.8) = 9.8
The starship enterprise discovered an uncharted planet. Mr. Spook informed Captain Kirk that the gravity on the planet was three times the magnitude of the gravity on Earth. What will be the weight of Captain Kirk on the new planet?
3 times
The resultant of Jack pushing with 20 N of force on an object to the right and Jill pushing with 30 N of force on the object to the left is
10 N acting to the left
scalar
having only magnitude and not direction
vector
has magnitude and direction
scientific law
A rule (a statement) that describes a pattern in nature
scientific theory
A scientific explanation of observations and evidence
precision
how close measurements are to each other
accuracy
how close a given set of measurements are to their true value
particle model
a series of points that depict an object in motion
magnitude
size/quantity
displacement
a change in position
resultant
a force, velocity, or other vector quantity which is equivalent to the combined effect of two or more acting on the same thing (the vector sum of 2 or more vectors)
examples of vectors
velocity, momentum, force, speed, and displacement
acceleration
the rate of change of velocity per unit of time
free fall
the motion of an object due only to the effect of gravity
acceleration due to gravity on earth and moon
earth = 9.8 m/s ^2
moon = 1.6 m/s^2
force
a push or a pull
inertia
an object’s tendency to do nothing or remain unchanged
Newton’s 1st Law
an object at rest remains at rest and an object in motion remains so unless acted on by a force
Newton’s 2nd Law
F = ma, or net force is equal to mass times acceleration
Newton’s 3rd Law
For every action, there’s an equal and opposite reaction
Uniform motion
the type of motion in which the object travels in a straight line with uniform speed
contact force
a force exerted through contact
field force
a force exerted without contact
weight
the force acting on the object due to acceleration or gravity
drag force
the resistance force caused by the motion of a body through a fluid like water or air
terminal velocity
the maximum velocity (speed) attainable by an object as it falls through a fluid
normal force
perpendicular contact force exerted by a surface onto another object
kepler’s 1st law
states that each planet’s orbit around the sun is an ellipse
kepler’s 2nd law
states that a line running from the sun to the planet sweeps out equal areas in equal times (when a planet is close to the sun it moves quickly, its speed decreases as it gets further from the sun)
Kepler’s 3rd Law
(Ta/Tb)^2 = (rA/rB)^3
Brahe
believed that all planets except Earth orbit the sun. Used instruments he made himself to record the exact positions of the planets and stars
Copernicus
was the first astronomer to propose that the sun is the center of the solar system
Newton’s Law of Universal Gravitation
- suggests that objects attract other objects with a force proportional to the product of their masses and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them
- allows us to calculate the gravitational force that exists between two bodies because of their mass
What is big ‘G’
Universal gravitational constant
What is little ‘g’
Local gravity
velocity
d/t
what is the strongest geometric shape?
triangle
Which planet takes the longest amount of time to make one complete orbit around the sun
Neptune
How many sigfigs are in 0.0010970
5
How many sigfigs are in 100?
One
Which is more precise, a beaker or a graduated cylinder?
A graduated cylinder
When graphing data, which axis does the independent variable use? Which axis does the dependent variable use?
Independent = x-axis, dependent = y-axis
Which city in the US has the most bridges? Which city in the world has the most bridges?
Pittsburgh, London
What is the equation for Weight?
W=mg
What are the four fundamental forces of nature?
Gravity, electromagnetic, strong nuclear, and weak nuclear
Accuracy
How close a number is to accepted value
Precision
Frequency which a measurement produces to same result
Magnitude
Size
Unit for temperature
Kelvin
Unit for length
Meter
Unit for mass
Kilograms
Unit for time
Seconds
Unit for force
Newtons
Unit for velocity
m/s
Unit for acceleration
m/s^2
Mass
Amount of matter in an object
Force
A push or pull
Normal force
Perpendicular contact force exerted by a surface on another object
Speed
Change in distance per time
Acceleration
Change in velocity per unit of time
Free body diagram
Shows forced acting on an object
Center of mass
Point where all mass is concentrated
Weight
The vertical downward force exerted on a mass by gravity
Reaction time
Response to a situation
Projectile
Travels through the air or another medium
Kepler’s 1st Law
Planets move in ellipse around the sun
Kepler’s 2nd Law
Imaginary line drawn between a planet and sun has equal periods and areas
Kepler’s 3rd Law
Defines the relationship between the motion and the period of several objects
Copernicus
Proposed heliocentric point of view instead of geometric
Brahe
Believed all planets except earth orbit the sun
acceleration
change in v / t
Newton’s 2nd law
F=ma
Weight
w=mg
Newton’s Law of Universal Gravitation
F = Gm1m2 / r^2
Kepler’s Third Law
(Ta/Tb)^2 = (rA/rB)^3
Speed of an object orbiting another object
v = √ (GmN/r)
Period of Object orbiting another
T = 2π√(r^3/GmN)
momentum
a measurement of mass in motion
impulse
a certain amount of force you apply for a certain amount of time to cause a change in momentum.
collision equations
Metric units from biggest to smallest
Tera, Giga, Mega, Kilo, Hecto, Deka, Base, Deci, Centi, Milli, Micro, Nano, Pico, Fento
