States of matter, separating and purifying T3 Flashcards
How many states of matter are there and what are they?
3 and solid, liquid, gas
Solid to liquid?
Melting
Liquid to solid?
Freezing
Liquid to gas?
Evaporating
Gas to liquid?
Condensing
Solid to gas?
Sublimation
What is pure in chemistry?
When it is made up of a single element or compound.
What is distillation?
When you separate a liquid from a solution, it evaporates the liquid, moves the gas elsewhere and condenses it back into liquid form again
What is filtration?
Filtration is when you separate an insoluble solid from a liquid. All you do is put some filter paper in a funnel and pour the mixture into it.
What is crystallisation?
When you separate a soluble solid from a solution. You pour the solution on a evaporating dish and gently heat the solution, once some of the water has evaporated and you see crystals start to form, remove the dish from the heat and leave the solution to cool.
What are the 2 phases of chromatography?
The mobile phase - where the molecules can move. This is always a liquid or a gas
The stationary phase - where the molecules can’t move. This can be a solid or a really thick liquid.
In paper chromatography what is the stationary phase and what is the mobile phase
The stationary phase is a thin piece of paper and the mobile bile phase is a solvent such as water or ethanol.
In paper chromatography, what is the piece of paper you end up with called?
Chromatogram
What is the Rf value?
The Rf value is the ratio between the distance travelled by the dissolved substance and the distance traveled by the solvent
Rf = distance travelled by solute / distance traveled by solvent
What are the 3 things needed before water is fit to drink?
Filtration, sedimentation and chlorination
