Groups, rates and energy T7 Flashcards
What are the 6 group 1 metals?
Lithium, sodium, potassium, rubidium, caesium and francium.
Why do all group 1 metal have similar chemical properties?
Because they all have one outer electron.
What are 2 physical features of group 1 metals?
Low melting points and boiling points (compared with other metals), and they are very soft - they can be cut with a knife.
How reactive are group 1 metals?
Very reactive
Why do alkali metals get more reactive as you go further down group 1?
Because the outer electron is further away from the nucleus so it’s more easily lost.
What happens when alkali metal are put in water?
They react vigorously, the reaction produces hydrogen gas and a hydroxide of the metal.
What happens when sodium reacts with water?
It produces sodium hydroxide and hydrogen
What are group 7 metals known as?
Halogens
What are the 5 group 7 elements?
Fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine and astatine.
How many electrons do group 7 metals have in their outer shells?
7
How do halogens always travel around?
In pairs, they are diatomic molecules
What happens as you go down group 7?
The melting points and boiling points of the halogens increase.
What is the test for chlorine?
You can test to see if a gas is chlorine by holding a piece of damp blue litmus paper over it. Chlorine will bleach the litmus paper, turning it white. It may also turn red for a moment first - that’s because a solution of chlorine is acidic.
What does a halogen need to do form a stable electronic structure?
Halogens only need to gain one electron to form a 1- ion.
What happens the further you go down group 7?
The halogens will become less reactive - it gets harder to attract the extra electron to fill the outer shell when it’s further away from the nucleus.
What happens when halogens react with metals?
The create metal halides
What happens when a halogen reacts with hydrogen?
They create hydrogen halide
What is a displacement reaction?
A displacement reaction is when a more reactive element ‘pushes out’ a less reactive element from a compound
What is the name for group 0 elements?
Noble gases
What are the 6 noble gases?
Helium, neon, argon, krypton, xenon and radon
What are 5 features of noble gases?
They are colourless at room temperature
They are all monotonic (they travel around as single atoms)
They don’t react with much (inert)
Non flammable
All of these properties make them hard to observe
What happens the further down you go in group 0?
The elements have higher boiling point, melting point and density
How do you work out rate of reaction?
Rate of reaction = amount of reactant used or amount of product formed / time
