States Of Matter And Purifying Flashcards
Gas
Particles are random, far apart and fast in all directions
Liquid
Particles are random, close together and move around each other
Solid
Particles are regular, close together and vibrate around fixed positions
State changes?
They are physical changes and chemical properties do not change
Below melting point means it is? (State)
Solid
Between melting and boiling point means it is?
Liquid
Above boiling point means it is?
Gas
Crystallisation?
Separating the solute from a solution by evaporating the solution to leave the solute behind. This process forms crystals.
Filtration process?
A filter funnel is lined with filter paper with very fine holes in it. The solvent and solute pass through the small holes to form the filtrate in the beaker. Bits of insoluble residue can’t go through the filter paper so are left in the filter paper
Crystallisation process?
Filtrate is evaporated using a Bunsen burner , be careful not to overheat after it has saturated as hot crystals may spit out
Safety precautions for crystallisation?
Wear eye protection in case hit crystals spit out
How does paper chromatography work?
When the solvent travels up the paper, it carries different substances within the mixture at different speeds, separating the compounds
Rf value calculation?
Rf value = distance moved by the spot/distance moved by the solvent
Paper chromatography can be used to?
Distinguish between pure and impure substances
Identify substances by comparing patterns made by known substances
Identify substances from Rf values
Distillation process?
Water is evaporated fro, Bunsen burner as other substances have higher boiling points they won’t evaporate. It condenses in the delivery tube then is turned to pure water in the next text tube.
