Hydrocarbons/fuels Flashcards
Hydrocarbons?
Fossil fuels
What are alkanes?
Group of saturated hydrocarbons with single bonds
C n H 2n+2
List alkanes?
Methane, ethane, propane, butane
Homologous series?
Alkane(single bond), alkene(double bond), alcohol, halogenoalkane
Fractional distillation of crude oil?
Oil is heated 370 degrees and pumped into the bottom of the fractioning column. It’s hit at the bottom and gets cooler near the top. As it rises, it cools and condenses. Heavy fractions(large molecules) have high boiling points and condense near the bottom. Lighter fractions (small molecules) have lower boiling points and will condense near the top
At room temperature what are gases?
Methane, ethane, propane, butane
At room temp which are liquids?
Pentane, hexane
Why does fractional distillation work?
Different sized molecules have different boiling points- bigger molecules have higher boiling points and will have stronger molecular forces and higher boiling points. They will condense lower
What does each fraction of crude oil contain?
A mix of compounds with similar boiling points
Sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides?
Causes acid rain
Carbon monoxide?
Toxic
Order from top to bottom in fractional column?
Gas, gasoline, naphtha, kerosine, diesel, lubricating oil, fuel oil, residue
Alkenes?
Group of unsaturated hydrocarbons with double bonds
C n H 2n
Catalytic cracking?
Requires high temp and a catalysts
Molecules break apart
How to tell difference between an alkane and alkene in a lab?
React them with bromine water. Bromine will only react with the unsaturated hydrocarbon(alkene) because each double bond contains a pair of shared electrons. They then can become more stable and use a single bond to connect two bromine atoms and become a saturated hydrocarbon
