STATES OF MATTER Flashcards
properties of solids
- strong forces
- definite shape
- definite volume
- fixed position
- cannot be compressed
- cannot be passed through
properties of liquids
- weak forces
- no definite shape (flows to take shape of container)
- definite volume
- cannot be compressed
- can be passed through
properties of gases
- very weak/ no forces
- particles free to move apart
- no definite shape or volume
- fill container
- can be compressed
what does the state of matter depend on?
strength of forces of attraction
what does the strength of the forces of attraction depend on?
- material
- temperature
- pressure
properties of solid (PARTICLES)
- regular/ lattice arrangement
- fixed position
- vibrate
what happens when you add heat to a solid
more vibrations, expands slightly, eventually melts to liquid
properties of liquids (PARTICLES)
- randomly arranged
- particles tend to stick together
- particles move/ slide past each other
what happens if you add heat to liquid?
particles move faster, eventually breaking forces of attraction and evaporating
gas to liquid
condensation
liquid to solid
freezing
solid to liquid
melting
liquid to gas
evaporating
solid to gas
sublimation
gas to solid
deposition
properties of gases (PARTICLES)
- particles move in random motion
- irregular arrangement
- travel in straight lines
what happens if u add heat to gas
particles will move faster, increasing pressure
on a cooling curve, what does the horizontal line mean?
substance is changing state
on a cooling curve, what does the diagonal part mean?
substance is either liquid/solid/gas
what is pressure
the force exerted by particles on walls of container
what happens to pressure when u decrease the volume of gas?
pressure increases (as molecules are closer together and hit the walls more often)
when compressing gases, what happens to speed of particles?
it does NOT change
what happens to pressure when gas is heated?
increases (as heat= particles move faster= hits wall with stronger force= higher pressure)
relation between temperature and kinetic energy
+ temperature= + kinetic energy
what must be supplied for substances to change state?
energy
when cooling, is energy given out or taken in?
energy is given out to surroundings
kinetic particle theory
- particles are constantly in motion
- particles in gases and liquids move randomly
- particles in gases do not attract each other
- particles in gases are so tiny that their volumes= ignored
- when particles in gases collide they bounce off of each other w/out any energy change overall
