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Chemistry > BONDING > Flashcards

BONDING Flashcards

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1
Q

what is ionic bonding between?

A

metal and non-metal

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2
Q

ionic bonding definition

A

the transferring of electrons from one atom to another in order to achieve a full outer shell

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3
Q

lose electron = what charge

A

positive

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4
Q

gain electron, what charge

A

negative

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5
Q

how would u write 2 electrons being lost

A

2+

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6
Q

diagrams used in ionic bonding

A

dot-and-cross diagrams

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7
Q

if calcium needs 2 electrons and chlorine needs 1, what do u do?

A

make it one calcium bonded to 2 chlorine

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8
Q

what is covalent bonding between?

A

non-metal and non-metal

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9
Q

what happens to electrons in covalent bonding?

A

they are SHARED

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10
Q

20 first elements rule for covalent bonding

A

atom puts in what the want back as extra

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11
Q

how is a double bond written?

A

with 2 lines

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12
Q

how is a single bond written?

A

with 1 line

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13
Q

how is a triple bond written?

A

3 lines

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14
Q

1 pair= what bond

A

1 pair= single bond

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15
Q

ionic bonding features

A
  • soluble in water (not organic solvents)
  • conducts electricity in water (as mobile)
  • giant ionic structure
  • crystal lattice// regularly arranged
  • strong electrostatic forces
  • HIGH melting and boiling points
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16
Q

molecular substances features (covalent)

A
  • bonds within= strong
  • intermolecular forces= weak
  • low melting/ boiling points
  • insoluble in water (with exceptions)
  • no conduct electricity as no charged molecules
17
Q

DIAMOND FEATURES (MACROMOLECULE)

A
  • 4 covalent bonds
  • giant lattice
  • high melting/boiling points
  • v hard
  • colourless, glittering crystals
  • doesn’t conduct electricity
18
Q

GRAPHITE FEATURES (MACROMOLECULE)

A
  • 3 covalent bonds
  • layers// hexagons
  • high melting/boiling points (as strong covalent bonds)
  • soft/ slippery (as intermolecular forces= weak)
  • black, shiny solid
  • conducts electricity (as delocalised electron)
19
Q

what is metallic bonding between

A

metal plus metal

20
Q

metallic bonding arrangement

A

packed closely together in regular arrangement

21
Q

what happens to valence electrons in metallic bonding? what does this create?

A

as so close together, they move away from the atom. this creates a “sea” of delocalised electrons surrounding lattice of positively charged metal ions

22
Q

how are metallic bonding structures held together?

A

by strong attraction between mobile electrons and metal

23
Q

metals properties

A
  • high melting/ boiling points
  • good conductors of heat/ electricity
  • malleable and ductile (as layers they are arranged in slide when force is applied)

Chemistry (11 decks)

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