States of Matter Flashcards
assumptions of ideal gas (2)
no intermolecular forces between molecules
molecules take up no volume
conditions for ideal gas
low pressure
high temperature
kinetic theory of gases
move rapidly and randomly
all collisions are elastic
relationship of ideal gas with pressure, temperature and volume
volume proportional to temperature
volume inversely proportional to pressure
units of temperature, pressure and volume
Pa
m^3 (1000dm^3 = 1m^3)
K (+273)
equation for gas equation
pV = nRT (R = 8.31)
definition of vapour pressure
pressure exerted by vapour on top of the liquid
equilibrium in closed system
water molecules in liquid water molecules in vapour
when the liquid is at boiling point
vapour pressure = atm
describe ionic lattice
3D arrangement of alternating positive/negative ions. Na+ /6Cl-
properties of ionic compounds (5)
hard brittle high mp/bp many are solbule conduct electricity in solution/molten
describe metallic lattices
ions surrouned by sea of electrons
properties of metallic lattices
layers can slide over each other
malleable
high tensile strength
describe alloy
mixture of two or more metals/ non metal and metal
properties of alloy (3)
stronger than metal
lightweight
resistant to corrosion
example of simple molecular lattice
iodine molecules - low mp
types of giant molecular structures
graphite/diamond/silicon oxide
definition of allotropes
different molecular forms of same element
properties of graphite (3)
high mp/bp
softness
good conductor of electricity
structure of graphite (3)
carbon atoms in hexagon
3C + 3e
layers of carbon atoms kept next to each other by weak vanderwaals
structure of diamond (3)
tetrahedral
four covalent bonds
regular arrangement
properties of diamond (3)
high mp/bp
hard
does not conduct ANYTHING
structure of silicon (IV) oxide
Si + 4O2
O2 + 2Si
properties of silivon (IV) oxide (2)
high mp/bp
does not conduct electricity
definition of fullerenes
allotropes of carbon in form of hollow spheres/tubes
properties of buckministerfullerene (5)
(sphere) low sublimation point soft poor conductor slightly soluble more reactive than diamond/graphite
properties of nanotubes (3)
(tubes)
high electrical conducitivity
high tensile strength
high melting points
structure of graphene (2)
isolated layer of graphite
hexagonally arranged
properties of graphene (3)
most chemically reactive form of carbon
strong for its mass
conducts better than graphite
purpose of conserving materials (4)
limited supply of ores
landfills
recycling saves energy
cheaper to recycle
