States of Matter Flashcards
What is matter?
Matter is the material in which all things are made.
What is an atom?
- smallest unit of matter
- fundamental building blocks of matter
- filled with empty space
- nucleas has protons and newtrons surrounded by an electron cloud
What are molecules?
- 2+ atoms that are chemically combined
- in all matter
- all made up of atoms
What are the states of matter?
- gas
- liquid
- solid
- plasma (not focusing on)
What are the characteristics of gas?
- widely separated particles
- particles move past one another
- no specific arrangement
- relatively weak bonds
- fixed volume
- no fixed shape
What are the characteristics of liquid?
- relatively weak bonds
- particles are closer together
- particles slide over and past each other
- fixed volume
- take up space of their container (no fixed shape)
What are the characteristics of a solid?
- particles packed tightly together
- fixed shape and volume
- particles locked in place
What is displacement?
Displacement is the method used to find the volume of a irregular object. (can’t use *l *x *w *x h)
What is mass?
Mass is how much matter is in an object.
(not affected by gravity)
What is volume?
Volume is how much space an object takes up.
(not affected by gravity)
What is weight?
Weight is a measure of the force of gravity in an object.
(weight = mass x gravity)
What is density?
Density is a measure of how closely packed the atoms/molecules are in a substance.
(density = mass/volume)
What is a vacuum?
A vacuum is an environment where there are no molecules at all.
What is capillary action?
Capillary Action is pulling of H2O into a chain.
(H2O molecules are attracted to other substances)
What is surface tension?
Surface tension is when water particles form tighter bonds on the surface.
What is the Theory of Conservation of Matter?
The Theory of Conservation of Matter is the belief that matter cannot be created nor destroyed, only changed.
What are the different types of changes in state of matter?
- liquid→solid
- solid→liquid
- liquid→gas
- gas→liquid
- solid→gas
Describe the liquid→solid process.
- called freezing
- freezing point→ temperature at which a liquid becomes solid
- degrees→ 32ºF 0ºC 273K
Describe the solid→liquid process.
- melting
- degrees→ 32ºF 0ºC 273K
Describe the liquid→gas process.
- evaporation (vaporization)
- boiling point→ the temperature at which a liquid turns to gas
- degrees→ 212ºF 100ºC 373K
Describe the gas→liquid process.
condensation
Describe the solid→gas process.
- sublimation→ when a solid goes directly to a gas without going to the liquid phase
- i.e. dry ice
