States Of Matter Flashcards
What is matter made of?
Particles
What is matter?
Anything that has mass or takes up space.
What are states of matter?
Matter which is found in a variety of ways.
Solid, liquid or gas.
What is the amount of matter in an object referred to?
Mass
What is the volume of something?
The amount of space a solid, liquid or gas takes up.
Define fluid
Any substance that flows, both liquids and gases are classified as fluids.
How many cm3 is there in 1L?
1000 cm3
Is a liquid, gas or solid compressible?
Gas
What does compressible mean?
Substances that require little effort to squeeze the particles together.
What is it called when substances require a large amount of force to squeeze the particles together?
Incompressible
What are solids?
Substances that keep the same shape and size regardless of the shape of the container. They are difficult to compress making them incompressible.
What are liquids?
Substances that keep the same volume but have no fixed shape, they take on the shape of the container. They are difficult to compress making them incompressible.
What are gases?
Substances that take on the shape of their container, but they are compressible so their volume can be made smaller or larger. Gases spread out so they do not stay in a container unless it has a lid. Gas particles move around taking up all the available space.
What is the particle model?
A model which explains the different properties of solids, liquids and gases.
According to the model:
All substances are made of particles.
Particles are attracted to surrounding particles.
The particles are always moving.
The hotter the substance, the faster the particles move.
How are the particles in solids structured?
The particles have strong attractive forces, so there is little space between them. This gives solids a fixed shape and volume. The particles can’t move freely but they vibrate in fixed positions.
How are the particles in liquids structured?
The particles are close together so there is little room for compression. Attractive forces hold the particles together, but it isn’t as strong as in solids. So liquids have a fixed volume but no fixed shape. The particles in a liquid vibrate faster than those in a solid but less than that of gases.
How are the particles in a gas structured?
Particles are only weakly attracted to each other, so gases don’t have a fixed shape or volume. The distance between particles is also very large, so it can be easily compressed. Gas particles have much more energy than solids and liquids, they zip around and often collide with other particles and the walls of the container they are in.
What is an exemption of the particle model?
Water when it freezes does not contract like the particle model suggest, instead the particles once lower than 4° starts to get larger again.
What are the two types of solids?
Crystalline Solids:
More than 90% of solids are crystalline
Particles are arranged in a regular, repeated pattern.
Amorphous Solids:
Particles are arranged in a more random fashion.
What is diffusion?
The spreading of one substance through another. This spreading occurs when the particles each substance become mixed together.
In what form call diffusion take place?
Gas and liquids.
Faster in gas because the particles move faster.
What are cohesive forces?
Attractive forces between similar particles in a substance.
What are adhesive forces?
Attractive forces between particles of different substances.
What is another name for cohesive and adhesive forces?
Cohesion and Adhesion.
What is surface tension?
At the surface of a liquid where it meets the air, the attraction of the particles is very strong causing the surface to behave as if it has a thin skin over it.
What is viscosity?
Viscosity is a measure of how much resistance a fluid offers against movement.
Is something with a high viscosity easy or hard to pour?
Hard
What are the stages of changing states?
Solid » Melting » Liquid » Evaporation/Boiling » Gas » Condensation » Liquid » Freezing » Solid
What is it called when substances turn from being a solid into a gas without turning into a liquid.
Sublimation
What is the reverse process of sublimation?
Deposition
What is a boiling point?
The temperature in which a substance turns from liquid to gas.
What is a melting point?
The temperature in which a substance turns from solid to liquid.
What is density?
Density is a measure of how much matter there is in an object compared with how much space it takes up.
How is density calculated?
Density=mass/volume
Eg. 10g/5cm3
Density 2g/cm3
What is the density of water?
1.00g/cm3
When a substance is heated does it expand or contract?
Expand
