states of matter Flashcards
list 3 things the strength of forces depend on
the material (structure and type of bond)
temperature
pressure
describe the forces in a solid
strong forces of attraction between particles which holds them together in fixed positions to form a regular lattice
why do solids keep a definite shape and volume?
the particles don’t move from their positions
why do solids expand when heated?
the particles vibrate and the hotter it becomes, the more they vibrate
describe the forces in a liquid
weak forces of attraction between the particles
describe the formation of particles in a solid
close together in fixed positions to form a regular lattice arrangement
describe the formation of particles in a liquid
randomly arranged and free to move past each other but stick close together
describe the volume and shape of a liquid
they have a definite volume but don’t keep a definite shape
why do liquids expand when heated?
the particles are constantly moving with random motion, the hotter a liquid gets the fast they move (more energy)
describe the forces in a gas
very weak forces of attraction
describe the formation of particles in a gas
the particles are free to move and are far apart, they travel in straight lines
describe the volume and shape of a gas
don’t keep a definite shape or volume
why do gases expand when heated, or have an increase in pressure?
the particles move constantly with random motion, the hotter it gets, the faster it moves
solid to liquid
melting-
the particles gain more energy when a solid is heated
makes the particles vibrate more which weakens the forces that hold the solid together
at the melting point the particles have enough energy to break free from their positions so become a liquid
liquid to gas
boiling-
when a liquid is heated, the particles get more energy
energy makes the particles move faster which weakens and breaks the bonds holding the liquid
at the boiling point the particles have enough energy to break their bonds so become a gas
