States Of Matter 🧪

Question 1

Properties of Solids

Answer 1

Density: High
Arrangement: Regular pattern (lattice)
Movement: vibrate in a fixed position
Energy: Low
Volume: fixed

Question 2

Properties of Liquids

Answer 2

Density: Medium
Arrangement: Randomly arranged
Movement: Move around each other/ slide past each other
Energy: Greater
Volume: Fixed

Question 3

Properties of Gas

Answer 3

Density: Low
Arrangement: Randomly arranged
Movement: quickly in all directions
Energy: Highest
Volume: Variable
Can be compressed
Creates pressure by colliding with each other and the side of the container

Question 4

Melting

Answer 4

A change from solid to liquid which requires heat energy which transforms into kinetic energy allowing the particles to move. It occurs at a specific temperature known as the melting point (M.P.)

Question 5

Boiling

Answer 5

A change from liquid to gas which requires heat that causes bubbles of gas to form below the surface of a liquid, allowing for liquid particles to escape from the surface and within the liquid. Occurs at a specific temperature known as the boiling point (B.P.)

Question 6

Freezing

Answer 6

A change from liquid to solid which occurs at the exact same temperature of melting. So the MP and FP of a pure substance are the same. It requires a significant decrease in temperature

Question 7

Evaporation

Answer 7

A change from liquid to gas that occurs over a range of temperatures, it only occurs at the surface of the liquid where high energy particles can escape from the liquids surface at low temperatures below the boiling point. The larger the surface area and the warmer the liquid, the faster a liquid evaporates

Question 8

Condensation

Answer 8

A change from gas to liquid on cooling and it takes place over a range of temperatures because the particles lose energy and when they bump into each other they lack the energy to bounce away again so they group together to form a liquid

Question 9

Sublimation

Answer 9

A change directly from liquid to gas which only happens in a few solids such as iodine and solid CO2. The reverse of this reaction is desublimation or deposition

Question 10

The basis of the kinetic theory of matter

Answer 10

When a substance is heated the particles absorb thermal energy which is converted into kinetic energy

Question 11

Heating a solid

Answer 11

Causes its particles the vibrate more and as temperature increases they vibrate so much that the solid expands until the structure breaks and the solid melts

Question 12

Heating a liquid

Answer 12

The liquid expands more and some particles at the surface gain sufficient energy to overcome the intermolecular forces and evaporate

Question 13

When BP is reached

Answer 13

All the particles gain enough energy to escape and the liquid boils

Question 14

Gas particles are in constant

Answer 14

Random movement

Question 15

The pressure a gas creates inside a container

Answer 15

Is produced by the particles hitting the inside walls of the container

Question 16

As temperature increase in a gas in a container

Answer 16

The particles move faster and collide with the container’s walls more frequently

Question 17

As volume of a container decreases

Answer 17

The particles hit the walls more frequently increasing pressure

Question 18

Diffusion

Answer 18

The process by which different gases or different liquids mix due to the random motion of their particles from a area of high concentration to an area of low concentration. Eventually concentration of particles is equal and they spread out to occupy all the available space. No energy input is required but diffusing occurs faster at higher temperatures

Question 19

Diffusion occurs faster

Answer 19

In gases since they move faster than liquids

Question 20

Gases diffuse a different rates at the same temp due to

Answer 20

Relative molecular mass