States of Matter

Question 1

What are the 3 states of matter?

Answer 1

Solid, Liquid and Gas

Question 2

Solid

Answer 2

• Regular arrangement
• Vibrate in a fixed position

Question 3

Liquid

Answer 3

• Randomly arranged
• Move around each other

Question 4

Gas

Answer 4

• Randomly arranged
• Move quickly in all directions

Question 5

Melting point

Answer 5

• Melting is when a solid changes into a liquid
• This process requires heat energy which transforms into kinetic energy, allowing the particles to move
• Occurs at a specific temperature known as the melting point (m.p.)

Question 6

Freezing point

Answer 6

• Freezing is when a liquid changes into a solid
• This is the reverse of melting and occurs at exactly the same temperature as melting, hence the melting point and freezing point of a pure substance are the same. Water, for example, freezes and melts at 0 ºC
• Requires a significant decrease in temperature (or loss of thermal energy) and occurs at a specific temperature

Question 7

Evaporation

Answer 7

• Evaporation occurs when a liquid changes into a gas and occurs over a range of temperatures
• Evaporation occurs only at the surface of liquids where high energy particles can escape from the liquid’s surface at low temperatures, below the b.p. of the liquid
• The larger the surface area and the warmer the liquid surface, the more quickly a liquid can evaporate

Question 8

Condensation

Answer 8

• Condensation occurs when a gas changes into a liquid on cooling and it takes place over a range of temperatures
• When a gas is cooled its particles lose energy and when they bump into each other they lack the energy to bounce away again, instead they group together to form a liquid

Question 9

Sublimation

Answer 9

Is the change of state from a solid to a gas, without passing through the liquid state

Question 10

Deposition

Answer 10

Is the change of state from a gas to a solid

Question 11

Solvent

Answer 11

The liquid in which a solute dissolves e.g. water in seawater

Question 12

Solute

Answer 12

The substance which dissolves a liquid to form a solution e.g. salt in seawater

Question 13

Solution

Answer 13

The mixture formed when a solute is dissolved in a solvent e.g. seawater

Question 14

Saturated solution

Answer 14

A solution with the maximum concentration of solute dissolved in a solvent e.g. seawater in the dead sea