States of matter

Question 1

Solvent

Answer 1

This is the liquid in which a solid is dissolved

Question 2

Solute

Answer 2

A solid that dissolves in a liquid

Question 3

Solution

Answer 3

This is always clear but may be coloured or colourless and forms when a solute dissolves in a solvent

Question 4

saturated solution

Answer 4

When no more solute can dissolve in the solvent

Question 5

Particles in a solid

Answer 5

Arranged regularly and packed closely together. Only able to vibrate about fixed position; cant move around. Have strong forces of attraction between them, which keep them together.

Question 6

Particles in a liquid

Answer 6

Still mostly touching, but some gaps have appeared. Reason because liquids are less dense that solids. Forces between the particles are less effective. Arranged randomly.

Question 7

Particles in a gas

Answer 7

Are moving randomly at high speed in all directions.Particles are much further apart and there are almost no forces of attraction between them.

Question 8

Energy of particles

Answer 8

The particles in a solid have less kinetic (movement) energy than the particles in a liquid, which have less kinetic energy than the particles in a gas.

Question 9

Interconversion solid 🔛liquid

Answer 9

Energy put in (heat)–> Melting

Energy taken out (cool)–> Freezing

Question 10

Interconversion liquid 🔛gas

Answer 10

Energy put in (heat)–> Boiling

Energy taken out (cool)–> Condensing

Question 11

Interconversion solid 🔛gas

Answer 11

Energy put in (heat)–> sublimation

Energy taken out (cool)–> deposition

Question 12

Understand how the results of experiments involving the dilution of coloured solutions and diffusion of gases can be explained

Answer 12

High concentration to low concentration