2f (Acids, bases and salt preparations)

Question 1

Acids and bases in terms of proton transfer

Answer 1

• An acid is a proton (H⁺) donor.
• A base is a proton (H⁺) acceptor.
• A proton is the same as a hydrogen ion. A good way to think about that is to realise that a hydrogen atom is just one proton and zero neutrons surrounded by only one electron. If that atom becomes an ion by the removal of the electron, then only one proton is left.

Question 2

proton donor and proton acceptor

Answer 2

• An acid is a proton donor.
• A base is a proton acceptor.

Question 3

alkali + acid

Answer 3

→ water + salt

Question 4

base + acid

Answer 4

→ water + salt

Question 5

carbonate + acid

Answer 5

→ water + salt + carbon dioxide

Question 6

metal + acid

Answer 6

→ salt + hydrogen

Question 7

Alkalis are b…

Answer 7

ases which are soluble in water.

Question 8

prepare a pure, dry sample of a soluble salt, starting from an insoluble reactant 2.39

Answer 8

experiment

Question 9

Sodium, potassium and ammonium salts

Answer 9

All

Question 10

Nitrates

Answer 10

All

Question 11

Chlorides

Answer 11

All EXCEPT silver chloride and lead chloride

Question 12

Sulphates

Answer 12

All EXCEPT barium sulphate, calcium sulphate and lead (ii) sulphate

Question 13

Carbonate

Answer 13

All INSOLUBLE except sodium, potassium and ammonium

Question 14

Hydroxide

Answer 14

All INSOLUBLE except sodium, potassium and ammonium. Calcium hydroxide is only slightly soluble