States Of Matter

Question 1

What are the states of matter?

Answer 1

Solid - particles are very close together and vibrate in a fixed position
Gas - particles are far apart and move randomly in all directions
Liquid - particles are very close together but they move and flow randomly past one another

Question 2

Solid ——> liquid is called

Answer 2

Melting

Question 3

Liquid ——> gas is called

Answer 3

Evaporation

Question 4

Gas ——> liquid is called

Answer 4

Condensing

Question 5

Liquid ——> solid is called

Answer 5

Freezing

Question 6

What is a mixture?

Answer 6

Mixtures are made of 2 or more substances that haven’t been chemically combined

Question 7

What is a solution?

Answer 7

A liquid that contains a dissolved solid

Question 8

What is a solute?

Answer 8

Dissolved solid

Question 9

What is a solvent?

Answer 9

The liquid in which a solid dissolves

Question 10

What is filtration?

Answer 10

Filtration separates mixtures of insoluble solids and liquids

Done by pouring the mixture through filter paper:
The insoluble solid is trapped
The liquid runs through the paper and is collected below

Question 11

What is crystallisation?

Answer 11

Crystallisation separates solutions into their different parts - dissolved solids (solutes) and liquids (solvents).

Heat the mixture so that the solvent evaporates :
Eventually, crystals of the solute (dissolved solids) will form
We can collect the solvent (liquid) by condensing it as it evaporates

Question 12

What is chromatography?

Answer 12

Chromatography separates solutions with a number of different solutes (solids) in the solvent (liquid)

Question 13

What is simple distillation?

Answer 13

Simple distillation separates 2 liquids with different boiling points

Question 14

What is fractional distillation?

Answer 14

Fractional distillation separates lots of liquids with different boiling points

Question 15

Why is a thermometer used in simple distillation?

Answer 15

The thermometer is used to make sure the highest boiling point is not exceeded, otherwise, both liquids would boil and the process would not separate them.

Question 16

What is the chromatography practical?

Answer 16

1) A spot of the solution to be separated is placed near the bottom of a piece of chromatography paper
2) The paper is held upright. The bottom of the paper is dipped into a suitable solvent
3) As the solvent soaks up the paper, it carries the solutes in the spot with it. The different solutes (solids) in the spot of solution move at different speeds
4) This leaves a pattern of the separates solutes on the chromatography paper

Question 17

What are formulations?

Answer 17

Formulations are mixtures of chemical components that are designed to create useful products

Question 18

Examples of formulations

Answer 18

Fuels
Cleaning agents
Metal alloys
Fertilisers
Medicines

Question 19

What is the groundwater treatment?

Answer 19

1) Sedimentation - removing large pieces of insoluble waste
2) Filtration - removing finer pieces of insoluble waste
3) Chlorination - adding chlorine to kill any microorganisms

Question 20

How do impurities affect the melting and boiling points of samples?

Answer 20

Increase the boiling point

Decrease the melting point

Question 21

What is the Rf equation?

Answer 21

Distance travelled by substance/ distance travelled by solvent

Question 22

Which direction does the solvent move in paper chromatography?

Answer 22

Upwards

Question 23

Water that is safe to drink is called?

Answer 23

Potable

Question 24

How is seawater made potable?

Answer 24

Distillation

Question 25

What are the names of the two phases in chromatography?

Answer 25

Mobile phase

Stationary phase