States Of Matter (10) Flashcards
Density is ________ per unit _________
Mass per unit volume
Density is a measure of the ‘______________’ of a substance
‘Compactness’
Density = (equation)
Mass / volume
The density of an object depends on what it’s made of. Density doesn’t vary with _______
Size or shape
The average ___________ of an object determines whether it floats or sinks
Density
A solid object will float on a fluid if it has a __________ density than the fluid
Lower
To measure the density of a substance, take measurements of the ________ and ____________ and use the formula:
Mass
Volume
Density = mass / volume
Pressure is ___________ per unit _________
Force per unit area
1 pascal is defined as ___ N/m²
1 N/m²
Pressure is the measure of the _________ being applied to the surface of something
Force
The same force applied over a larger area creates a __________ pressure
Lower
The same force applied over a smaller area creates a ___________ pressure
Higher
In gases and liquids at rest, the pressure at any point acts _____________ in all directions
Equally
In gases and liquids, pressure increases with ________
Depth
Pressure difference in liquids and gases depends on ___________ and __________ difference. __________ has an effect too
Density
Height
Gravity
What is pressure difference
The difference in pressure between two points in a liquid or gas
What is the formula for pressure difference.
Pressure difference =
Pressure difference = height x density x gravity
The process of a solid turning to a liquid is called _____________
Melting
The process of a liquid turning into a gas is called ____________
Evaporating
The process of a gas turning into a liquid is called ____________
Condensing
The process of a liquid turning into solid is called ____________
Freezing
The particles in each state of matter are the same however the arrangement and ___________ of the particles are different
Energy
How are the particles arranged in a solid
Strong forces of attraction hold the particles close together, in a fixed, regular position.
Particles don’t have much energy so they can only vibrate about their fixed positions
How are the particles arranged in a liquid
Weaker forces of attraction between particles.
Particles are close together, but can only move past each other, and form irregular arrangements.
They have more energy than a solid
They move in random directions at low speeds
How are the particles arranged in a gas
Almost no forces of attraction between the particles
Particles have more energy than those in liquids and solids and are free to move
Particles travel in random directions and at high speeds
What happens when you heat a liquid
The heat energy makes the particles move faster. When the particles eventually have enough energy to overcome their attraction to each other, big bubbles of gas form in the liquid - this is boiling
What happens when you heat a solid
Heat energy makes the particles vibrate faster until eventually the the forces between them are overcome and the particles start to move around - this is melting
The melting point of a chemical is the temperature at which it turns from a __________ to a ____________
Solid to a liquid
The boiling point is the temperature at which a __________ becomes a ______
Liquid becomes a gas
________________ is when particles escape from a liquid and become gas particles
Evaporation
Particles can evaporate from a liquid at temperatures that are much ____________ than the liquids boiling point
Lower
Particles near the surface of a liquid can escape and become gas particles if: (2)
The particles are travelling in the right direction to escape the liquid
The particles are travelling fast enough (have enough KE) to overcome the attractive forces of the other particles in the liquid
The fastest particles (with the most KE) are the ________ likely to evaporate from the liquid - so when they do, the average speed and ___________ energy of the remaining particles decreases. This decrease in average particle energy means the temperature of the remaining liquid _________ - leaving the liquid ____________. This cooling effect can be really useful - e.g. when you sweat you cool down
Most
Kinetic
Falls
Cooler
Kinetic energy is proportional to ___________________
Temperature
If you double the temperature (in kelvins) you double the average ____________ energy of the particles
Kinetic
What is brownian motion
The theory that large, heavy particles can be moved by smaller, lighter particles travelling at high speeds - which is why the appear to move around randomly.
How many Kelvins equals 1°C
273
What is absolute zero in kelvins
0
What is absolute zero in °C
-273°C
What does 0°C represent
Freezing point of water
What does 0K represent
Absolute zero
What is boiling point in °C
100°C
What is boiling point in K
373K
What does 373K represent
Boiling point of water
What does 273K represent
Freezing point of water
If you increase the temperature of something, you give its particles more ____________
Energy
If you cool a substance down, you’re _____________ the kinetic energy of the particles
Reducing
The coldest that anything can ever get is ___K or _______°C - this temperature is known as _______________ _______
0K or -273°C
Absolute zero
At absolute zero, atoms have as little ____________ energy as it’s possible to get
Kinetic
A temperature change of 1°C is a change of ____ kelvin
1 Kelvin
To convert from degrees Celsius to Kelvins, just ____ 273
+273
Add 273
To convert from Kelvins to degrees Celsius, just ____ 273
-273
Subtract 273
Particle theory says that colliding gas particles create _____________
Pressure
Although gas particles are light, they do weigh something and when they collide with something they exert a ___________on it and they change direction. In a sealed container, gas particles smash against the container’s walls - creating an outward ______________
Pressure
Pressure
Pressure depends on how ________ the particles are going and how often they hit the walls
Fast
If you heat a gas then the particles move faster and have more __________ energy. This increase means the particles hit the container __________ and more often, creating more ___________
Kinetic energy
Harder
Pressure
Temperature and ____________ are proportional
Pressure
Name 2 things that temperature is proportional to
Kinetic energy
Pressure
If you put the same amount of particles in a bigger container then the pressure would ____________. Why
Decrease
Because particles hit the walls less often
p1 x V1 =
p2 x V2
p1 / T1 =
P2 / T2
