States of Consciousness

Question 1

consciousness

Answer 1

The awareness of the sensations, thoughts and feelings being experienced at a given moment

Question 2

Stage 1 sleep

Answer 2

the state of transition between wakefulness and sleep, characterized by relativity rapid, low amplitude brain waves

Question 3

stage 2 sleep

Answer 3

a sleep deeper than that of stage 1, characterized by a slower, more regular wave pattern, along with momentary interruptions of “:sleep spindles”

Question 4

stage 3 sleep

Answer 4

a sleep characterized by slow brain waves, with greater peaks and valleys in the wave pattern than in stage 2

Question 5

stage 4 sleep

Answer 5

the deepest stage of sleep, during which we are least responsive to outside stimulation

Question 6

rapid eye movement (REM) sleep

Answer 6

sleep occupying 20% of an adult’s sleeping time, characterized by increased heart rate, blood pressure, and breathing rate; erections ; eye movements; and the experience of dreaming

Question 7

unconscious wish fulfillment theory

Answer 7

Sigmund Freud’s theory that dreams represent unconscious wishes that dreamers desire to be fulfilled

Question 8

latent content of dreams

Answer 8

according to Freud, the “disguised”meanings of dreams, hidden by more obvious subjects

Question 9

manifest content of dreams

Answer 9

according to Freud, the apparent story line of dreams

Question 10

dreams-for-survival theory

Answer 10

the theory suggesting that dreams permit information that is critical for our daily survival to be reconsidered and reprocessed during sleep

Question 11

activation-synthesis theory

Answer 11

Hobson’s theory that the brain produces random electrical energy during REM sleep that stimulates memories stored in the brain

Question 12

circadian rhythms

Answer 12

biological processes that occur regularly on approximately a 24-hour cycle

Question 13

daydreams

Answer 13

fantasies that people construct while awake

Question 14

hypnosis

Answer 14

a trance-like state of heightened susceptibility to the suggestions of others

Question 15

meditation

Answer 15

a learned technique for refocusing attention that brings about an altered state of consciousness

Question 16

psychoactive drugs

Answer 16

drugs that influences a person’s emotions, perceptions and behavior

Question 17

addictive drugs

Answer 17

drugs that produce a biological or psychological dependence in the user so that withdrawal from them leads to a craving for that drug that in some cases maybe nearly irresistible

Question 18

stimulants

Answer 18

drugs that have an arousal effect on the CNS causing a rise in heart rate, blood pressure and muscular tension

Question 19

depressants

Answer 19

drugs that slow down the nervous system

Question 20

narcotics

Answer 20

drugs that increase relaxation and relieve pain and anxiety

Question 21

hallucinogen

Answer 21

a drug that is capable of producing hallucinations, or changes in the perceptual process