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AP Psych > States of consciousness > Flashcards

States of consciousness Flashcards

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1
Q

our awareness of ourselves and our environment

A

Consciousness

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2
Q

Something that is not in our conscious but can be easily pulled into consciousness, such as memories

A

Preconscious

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3
Q

According to Freud, its a reservoir of mostly unacceptable thoughts, wishes, feelings, and memories, according to temporary psychologists it is information processing of which we are unaware

A

Unconscious

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4
Q

Things happening in your body of which you are not aware, such as hormone secretion

A

Nonconscious

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5
Q

The periodic physiological fluctuations our bodies go through

A

Biological Rhythms

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6
Q

Cycles that occur in our bodies on a yearly basis, such as seasonal depression or birds flying south for the winter and bears hibernating

A

Annual cycles

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7
Q

The biological clock; regular bodily rhythms that occur on a 24 hour cycle, such as body temperature or wakefulness

A

Circadian Rhythm

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8
Q

A pair of grain of rice sized cell clusters in the hypothalamus that helps in waking up a person when it is activated by the light sensitive retinal proteins. It works with the pineal gland

A

Suprachiasmatic Nucleus (SCN)

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9
Q

A sleep including hormone. The SCN causes the brains pineal gland to decrease its production of melatonin in the morning or to increase it in the evening

A

Melatonin

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10
Q

A neurotransmitter that causes drowsiness and the slowing of nerve cells. Caffeine is an antagonist that blocks the transmission of this to keep us awake

A

Adenosine

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11
Q

A periodic natural loss of consciousness. Throughout the night, the body experiences many sleep cycles, each one lasting around 90 minutes

A

Sleep

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12
Q

Waves of someone who is wide awake

A

Beta waves

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13
Q

The relatively slow brain waves of a relaxed awake state

A

Alpha waves

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14
Q

clase sensory experiences, such as seeing something in the absence of an external visual stimulus

A

Hallucinations

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15
Q

The larger, slow brain waves associated with deep sleep

A

Delta waves

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16
Q

Tepid eye movement sleep; a recurring sleep stage during which vivid dreams commonly occur. Also known as paradoxical sleep because the muscles are relaxed but other body systems are active

A

REM sleep

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17
Q

Non-rapid eye movement sleep; encompasses all sleep states except for REM sleep

A

NREM sleep

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18
Q

The tendency for REM sleep to increase following REM sleep deprivation (created by repeated awakenings during REM sleep)

A

REM rebound

19
Q

A sleep disorder in which a person has recurring problems in falling or staying asleep

A

Insomnia

20
Q

A sleep disorder characterized by uncontrollable sleep attacks. These attacks are usually caused by excitement. The sufferer may lapse directly into REM sleep often at inopportune times

A

narcolepsy

21
Q

A sleep disorder characterized by temporary cessations of breathing during sleep and repeated momentary awakenings

A

Sleep apnea

22
Q

A sleep disorder characterized by high arousal and an appearance of being terrified; unlike nightmares, these occur during stage 4 sleep, within two or three hours of failing asleep, and are seldom remembered

A

Night Terrors

23
Q

A sequence of images, emotions, and thoughts passing through a sleeping persons mind during REM sleep

A

Dreams

24
Q

A dream in which one is aware that one is dreaming

A

Lucid dreams

25
Q

The remembered story line of a dream

A

Manifest content

26
Q

The underlying meaning of a dream

A

Latent content

27
Q

A split in consciousness, which allows some thoughts and behaviors to occur simultaneously with others

A

Dissociation

28
Q

A chemical substance that alters a perceptions and moods

A

Psychoactive drugs

29
Q

The diminishing effect of a drug after repeated use that requires the user to take larger and larger doeses before experiencing the drugs effect

A

Tolerance

30
Q

The discomfort and distress that follow the discontinued use of a drug

A

Withdrawal

31
Q

A physiological need for a drug, marked by unpleasant withdrawal symptoms when the drug is no longer taken

A

Physical dependence

32
Q

A psychological need to use a drug, such as to relieve negative emotions

A

Psychological dependence

33
Q

Compulsive drug craving and use, despite adverse consequences

A

Addiction

34
Q

Drugs (such as alcohol, barbiturates, and opiates) that reduce neural activity and slow body functions

A

Depressants

35
Q

A major tranquilizer that depresses the activity of the CNS, reducing anxiety but impairing memory and judgement

A

Barbiturates

36
Q

A minor/mild depressant that lowers anxiety and reduces stress

A

Benzodiazepines

37
Q

Opium and its derivatives, such as morphine and heroin; they depress neural activity, temporarily lessening pain and anxiety

A

Opiates

38
Q

Drugs (such as caffeine, nicotine, and the more powerful amphetamines, cocaine, and ecstasy) that excite neural activity and speed up body functions

A

Stimulants

39
Q

Drugs that stimulate neural activity, causing speeded-up body functions and and associated energy and mood changes; over time, appears to reduce baseline dopamine levels

A

Methamphetamine

40
Q

Psychedelic drugs that distort perceptions and evoke sensory images in the absence of sensory input

A

Hallucinogens

41
Q

A powerful hallucinogenic drug’ also known as acid

A

LSD

42
Q

A synthetic stimulant and mild hallucinogen that produces euphoria and social intimacy, but with short-term health risks and longer term harm to serotonin producing neurons and to mood and cognition

A

Ecstasy

43
Q

The major active ingredient in marijuana; triggers a variety of effects, including mild hallucinations

A

THC

44
Q

An altered stature of consciousness reported after a close brush with death; often similar to drug induced hallucinations

A

Near death experience

AP Psych (3 decks)

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