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AP Psych > Biological Bases of Behavior > Flashcards

Biological Bases of Behavior Flashcards

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1
Q

The body’s speedy electrochemical communication network, consisting of all the nerve cells of the peripheral and central nervous system

A

Nervous System

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2
Q

The brain and spinal cord

A

Central nervous system

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3
Q

Connects the CNS to the limbs and organs, essentially serving as a communication relay going back and forth between the brain and the extremities

A

Peripheral nervous System

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4
Q

The division of the PNS that controls the glands and the muscles of the internal organs. Controls the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systmes

A

Autonomic Nervous System

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5
Q

The division of the Autonomic nervous system that arouses the body, mobilizing its energy in stressful situations. Fight or glight

A

Sympathetic nervous system

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6
Q

The division of the autonomic nervou system that calms the body conserving its energy rest and digest

A

Parasympathetic Nervous System

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7
Q

A simple automatic response to a sensory stimulus, such as the knee jerk response

A

Reflex

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8
Q

A nerve cell; the basic building block of the nervous system

A

Neuron

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9
Q

Neurons that carry incoming information from the sensory receptors to the brain and spinal cord

A

Sensory neuron

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10
Q

Neurons within the brain and spinal cord that communicate internally and intervene between the sensory inputs and motor outputs

A

Interneurons

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11
Q

Neurons that carry outgoing information from the brain and spinal cord to the muscles and glands

A

Motor neurons

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12
Q

The neurons life support center that also produces neurotransmitters

A

Soma

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13
Q

The busy branching extensions of a neuron that receive messages and conduct impulses toward the cell body

A

Dendrite

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14
Q

The extension of a neuron, ending in branching terminal fibers through which messages pass to other neurons, muscles, or glands

A

Axon

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15
Q

A layer of fatty tissue that covers the axon which aides in the speed of neural impulses; the thicker this thing is the faster the neural impluses

A

Myelin sheath

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16
Q

A neural impulse; brief electrical charge that travels down an axon

A

Action potential

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17
Q

Electrically charged atoms

A

Ions

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18
Q

The fluid interior of a resting axon has an excess of negatively charged ions, while the fluid outside the axon membrane has ore positively charged ions

A

Resting potential

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19
Q

During the resting state of a neuron when the outside is positively charged and the inside is negatively charges

A

Polarized

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20
Q

Axon is no longer resting at potential; outside is now negatively charged and inside is now positively charged

A

Depolarized

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21
Q

Resting state after firing in which the neuron goes back to its polarized resting state

A

Refractory period

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22
Q

Accelerates neurons firing speed

A

Excitatory

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23
Q

Slows neurons firing speed

A

Inhibitory

24
Q

The level of stimulation required to trigger a neural impulse

A

Threshold

25
Q

The junction between the terminal branch of the synaptic gap

A

Synapse

26
Q

The tiny gap at the synapse in which neurotransmitters cross

A

Synaptic gap

27
Q

A neurotransmitters reabsorption by the sending neuron

A

Reuptake

28
Q

Natural opiate like neurotransmitters linked to pain control and to pleasure

A

Endorphins

29
Q

A pair of endocrine glands that sit just above the kidneys and secrete hormones that help arouse the body in times of stress

A

Adrenal glands

30
Q

The endocrine systems most influential gland under the influence of the hypothalamus, it regulates growth and controls other endocrine glands

A

Pituitary glands

31
Q

The brains ability to modify itself after tissue damage

A

Plasticity

32
Q

The oldest and innermost region of the brain that is responsible for automatic survival functions. It begins where the pineal cord swells and enters the skull

A

Brainstem

33
Q

The brains sensory switchboard located on the top of the brainstem it directs messages to the sensory receiving areas in the cortex it also transmits replies to the cerbellum amend medulla

A

Thalamus

34
Q

Part of the brainstem that control heartbeat and breathing

A

Medulla

35
Q

A nerve network in the brainstem that plays an important role in controlling arousal

A

Reticular formation

36
Q

The little brain attached to the rear of the brainstem that assists in balance and voluntary movements

A

Cerebellum

37
Q

The doughnut shaped system of the neural structures at the border of the brainstem and cerebral hemispheres that is associated with emotions like fear and aggression and drives like food and sex

A

Limbic system

38
Q

Two almond shaped neural clusters in the limbic system that are linked to emotions especially fear rage and agression

A

Amygdala

39
Q

Located in the limbic system that lies below the thalamus it is responsible for the regulation of body maintenance such as eating drinking and body temperature

A

Hypothalamus

40
Q

The part of the limbic system responsible for memory and learning

A

Hippocampus

41
Q

Master endocrine gland located in the limbic system

A

Pituitary gland

42
Q

The thin layer of interconnected neural cells that forms a surface layer on the cerebral hemispheres. It is the body’s ultimate control and information processing center

A

Cerebral cortex/cerebrum

43
Q

Glue cells in the cortex that guide neural connections provide nutrients and insulating myelin and mop up ions and neurotransmitters

A

Glial cells

44
Q

The portion of the cerebral cortex that lies just behind the forehead that is involved in speaking, muscle movements, and in making plans and judgements,

A

Frontal lobes

45
Q

The area at the back of the frontal lobes that control voluntary movements

A

Motor cortex

46
Q

The portion of the cerebral cortex between the frontal and occipital lobes that deals with body sensations it includes the somatosensory cortex

A

Parietal lobes

47
Q

The area at the front of the parietal lobe that registers and processes body sensations

A

Somatosensory cortex

48
Q

The portion of the cerebral cortex at the back of the brain that includes the visual cortex for vision

A

Occipital lobes

49
Q

The area of the occipital lobe that receives visual information from the eyes

A

Visual cortex

50
Q

The portion of the cerebral cortex that lies roughly above the ears that includes the auditory cortex for hearing

A

Temporal lobe

51
Q

The area of the temporal lobe that reveives auditory information from the ears

A

Auditory cortex

52
Q

An area of the left frontal lobe that controls the muscle movements involved in speech

A

Brocas area

53
Q

An area of the left temporal lobe that is involved in language comprehension

A

Wernickes area

54
Q

The large band of neural fibers that connect the left and right hemispheres to carry messages between them.

A

Corpus callosum

55
Q

A condition in which the two hemispheres of the brain cannot communicate . Caused by severing of the corpus callosum

A

Split brain

56
Q

The interdisciplinary study of the brain activity linked with cognition

A

Cognitive neuroscience

57
Q

The principle that information is often simultaneously processed on separate conscious and unconscious tracks

A

Dual processing

AP Psych (3 decks)

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